An X-linked haplotype of Neandertal origin is present among all non-African populations.

Recent work on the Neandertal genome has raised the possibility of admixture between Neandertals and the expanding population of Homo sapiens who left Africa between 80 and 50 Kya (thousand years ago) to colonize the rest of the world. Here, we provide evidence of a notable presence (9% overall) of a Neandertal-derived X chromosome segment among all contemporary human populations outside Africa. Our analysis of 6,092 X-chromosomes from all inhabited continents supports earlier contentions that a mosaic of lineages of different time depths and different geographic provenance could have contributed to the genetic constitution of modern humans.

Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin are elevated in kwashiorkor and anorexia nervosa but not in marasmus.

Background: Customary blood protein markers for malnutrition are of limited value in the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition or anorexia nervosa in children and in the follow-up to refeeding in such children.

Objectives: For these diseases, we compared the diagnostic value of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with that of albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, and retinal binding protein and determined the relations between concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and SHBG.

Design: SHBG was assayed in children with protein-energy malnutrition (29 children with kwashiorkor and 28 with marasmus), in 29 anorectic girls (before and after refeeding), and in age- and sex-matched control subjects.