Propionibacterium acnes postoperative shoulder arthritis: an emerging clinical entity.

The purpose of this study, which involved 276 patients, was to report the importance of Propionibacterium acnes in shoulder infections. The proportion of patients with shoulder infection who had infection due to P. acnes was significantly greater than the proportion of patients with lower limb infection who had infection due to P.

Current concepts of lateral patella dislocation.

Surgical treatment of patellar dislocations, acute and chronic, has evolved significantly over the past decade with the advance of biomechanical knowledge of patellofemoral restraints and injury patterns identified by physical examination and improved imaging techniques. There continues to be no consensus on treatment parameters. Despite the presence of predisposing factors, such as dysplasia or generalized hyperlaxity, medial retinacular injury associated with primary (first-time) patellar dislocations represents a ligament injury, which may result in residual laxity of the injured structure.