Bone quality assessment in patients with healing mandibular fracture sites: a computed tomography investigation.

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the bone quality of healing mandibular fracture sites by measuring the Hounsfield units (HU) on computed tomographic (CT) images obtained presurgery and postsurgery in patients treated with rigid internal fixation (RIF). The HU values of healing fracture sites were compared to those of corresponding nonfractured (control) sites on the opposing side and cervical vertebrae sites in the same patients. In total, 31 patients with 45 mandibular fractures treated with RIF underwent presurgical and postsurgical CT examinations.

Inflammatory Modifications in Paranasal Sinuses and Ostiomeatal Complex Anatomical Variations in Jet Aircraft Pilots: A Computed Tomography Study.

 Jet aircraft pilots are exposed to huge pressure variation during flight, which affect physiological functions as systems, such as the respiratory system.  The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate inflammatory changes of paranasal sinuses of jet aircraft pilots before and after a jet aircraft training program, using multislice computed tomography (CT), in comparison with a group of nonairborne individuals with the same age, sex, and physical health conditions. A second objective of the present study was to assess the association between the ostiomeatal complex obstruction and its anatomical variations.

Assessment of the correlation between mandibular radiomorphometric patterns and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements for screening bone mineral density.

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between scores for femoral and lumbar spine bone mineral density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and visual, qualitative mandibular bone pattern assess¬ments (mandibular cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and visual mandibular cortical width) as well as age and body mass index. Three trained observers evaluated 200 panoramic radiographs and 200 femoral and lumbar spine DXA measurements from 100 male and 100 female participants. The κ test showed an acceptable agreement among observers (0.

Assessment of mandibular cortical index in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: A case-control study.

Aims: To assess the presence of alterations suggestive of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) by using mandibular cortical index (MCI) in panoramic radiographs of cirrhotic individuals and to evaluate their relationship with other characteristics of hepatic cirrhosis (HC).

Methods And Results: This is an observational case-control study assessing the medical records of 165 cirrhotic patients matched by sex and age with healthy individuals. MELD (model of end stage liver disease) score, etiology, complications, comorbidities, and serum levels of vitamin D were collected.

Correlation among alveolar bone assessments provided by CBCT, micro-CT, and 14 T MRI.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral adipose tissue (BMAT) volume in 21 alveolar bone specimens, as determined by 14 T MRI, and correlate them to the radiodensity values obtained pre-operatively of regions of interest (ROIs) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to the bone-volume-to-tissue-volume ratio values obtained by micro-CT, the gold-standard for morphometric data collection.

Methods: Partially edentulous patients were submitted to a CBCT scan, and the radiographic bone densities in each ROI were automatically calculated using coDiagnostiX software. Based on the CBCT surgical planning, a CAD/CAM stereolithographic surgical guide was fabricated to retrieve a bone biopsy from the same ROIs scanned preoperatively, and then to orientate the subsequent implant placement.

Influence of receiver bandwidth on MRI artifacts caused by orthodontic brackets composed of different alloys.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the role of bandwidth on the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts caused by orthodontic appliances composed of different alloys, using different pulse sequences in 1.5 T and 3.0 T magnetic fields.

Head and neck radiotherapy-induced changes in dentomaxillofacial structures detected on panoramic radiographs: A systematic review.

Purpose: This study aimed to summarize the impact of neck and head radiation treatment on maxillofacial structures detected on panoramic radiographs.

Materials And Methods: In this systematic review, the authors searched PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for original research studies up to February 2020 that included the following Medical Subject Headings keywords: words related to "radiotherapy" and synonyms combined with keywords related to "panoramic radiography" and "oral diagnosis" and synonyms. Only original studies in English that investigated the maxillofacial effects of radiotherapy via panoramic radiographs were included.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of mandibular bone marrow: do apparent diffusion coefficient values of the cervical vertebrae and mandible correlate with age?

Objectives: The objective of this investigation was to assess the correlation between the mandible and cervical vertebrae bone marrow apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), obtained by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), with age; to verify the correlation between ADC values from the mandible and the cervical vertebrae; to describe and assess the differences between ADC values obtained from DWI examinations of distinct mandible areas as well as cervical vertebrae.

Methods: Thirty imaging examinations with DWI for that included the mandible and C1, C2, C3, and C4 vertebrae in the same examination were included. ADC values were collected from 7 distinct areas in the mandible and the cervical vertebrae.

Imaging features of Stafne bone defects on computed tomography: An assessment of 40 cases.

Purpose: This study was performed to assess and describe the imaging features of 40 cases of Stafne bone defects (SBDs) on computed tomographic (CT) examinations.

Materials And Methods: This study collected data, including age and sex, from 40 patients with SBDs who underwent CT exams. The imaging features of the SBDs were assessed in terms of their location, average size, the relationship of their contour with the cortical plate of the lingual mandible, bone margins, degree of internal density, shape, topographic relationship between the defect and the mandibular edge, the distance from the SBD to the base of the mandible, and the Ariji classification (type I, II, and III).

Mandibular cortical index in the screening of postmenopausal at low mineral density risk: a systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic literature review addressed the use of mandibular cortical index (MCI), assessed by panoramic radiography, for the identification of postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis.

Methods: Databases were searched for original research studies published from September 2010 to September 2020 using the following keywords: "postmenopausal osteoporosis" and synonyms combined with "panoramic radiography" and synonyms. Only English language manuscripts and studies pertaining to the MCI were selected.

F-NaF uptake in dentomaxillofacial bones as a result of oral alterations: a positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scanning study.

Objectives: F-NaF is a bone scanning radiotracer that reflects changes in bone metabolism, and it is applied in oncology to scan bone tumors or metastasis. Dentomaxillofacial alterations can lead to F-NaF uptake and could lead to false-positive results in PET/CT examinations. Hence, the objective of this research was to verify if the uptake of F-NaF in the mandible or maxilla is correlated to the presence of odontogenic alterations, which could lead to false-positive results in positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) examinations.

Bone mineral density and mandibular osteoporotic alterations in panoramic radiographs: Correlation by peripheral bone densitometry in men.

Aim: Mandibular cortical index has proven to be inversely correlated to bone densitometry; however, trabecular bone pattern has not been widely studied. Thus, the main objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the correlations between three different sites of peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with the mandibular cortical index and the trabecular bone pattern classification; (2) to assess the correlation between the mandibular cortical index and the trabecular bone pattern; (3) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the mandibular cortical index and the trabecular bone pattern using panoramic radiographs in a sample of Brazilian men. Additionally, peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry findings in men were described.

Comparison between different cone-beam computed tomography devices in the detection of mechanically simulated peri-implant bone defects.

Purpose: This study compared 2 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems in the detection of mechanically simulated peri-implant buccal bone defects in dry human mandibles.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four implants were placed in 7 dry human mandibles. Peri-implant bone defects were created in the buccal plates of 16 implants using spherical burs.

Myositis Ossificans Traumatica of the Temporal Muscle: a Case Report and Literature Review Emphasizing Radiographic Features on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: Heterotopic bone formation within a muscle is designated as 'myositis ossificans', and it is associated with multiple aetiologies, such as trauma, genetic predisposition, post-infection, or undetermined causes. When the disease develops as a result of a trauma, the myositis ossificans is classified as 'myositis ossificans traumatica'. In this case report, a case of myositis ossificans traumatica is described, emphasizing its imaging features.

Application of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of odontogenic lesions: a systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic literature review addresses the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for the evaluation of benign maxillomandibular odontogenic lesions.

Study Design: Databases were searched, and original research studies or case report manuscripts up to April 2019 were included, using the keyword "diffusion," combined with the keywords "maxillofacial pathology," "oral pathology," "odontogenic tumors," "dental tissue neoplasms," "odontogenic cysts," and the histologic denomination of benign odontogenic lesions, according to the World Health Organization classification. Only English language articles and studies pertaining to DWI were selected.

Maxillofacial manifestations of Proteus syndrome: a systematic review with a case report.

Objectives: Proteus syndrome (PS) is an extremely rare disorder with asymmetric and disproportionate bone overgrowth. Craniofacial abnormalities in PS are less frequent than skeletal abnormalities. Although there are recognized oral and maxillofacial manifestations of PS, few case reports describing these manifestations are available.

Maxillary Sinus Natural Killer/T-Cell Extranodal Lymphoma Mimicking a Dentoalveolar Abscess.

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) is an aggressive and infrequent malignant neoplasm. Early sinonasal ENKL clinical symptomatology is often not specific which can mimic several clinical odontogenic processes such as dentoalveolar abscesses. A 41-year-old female was referred to our institution due to facial pain with skin rash, fever, and intraoral swelling in the left side of the maxillary region.

The value of the apparent diffusion coefficient calculated from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in the differentiation of maxillary sinus inflammatory diseases.

Objectives: This study examined the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated by using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of inflammatory lesions of the maxillary sinus.

Study Design: Sixty-five maxillary sinus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with findings suggestive of inflammatory lesions were qualitatively categorized into 4 distinct groups by using T2-weighted images: group 1: presence of mucosal thickening; group 2: presence of sinonasal polyps or mucous retention cysts; group 3: presence of fluid identified by air-fluid levels with a homogeneous signal intensity; and group 4: presence of fluid identified by air-fluid levels with a heterogeneous signal intensity. The ADC of each imaging finding was measured by using a 5-mm area of interest.

A case of sublingual adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the mandible presenting as a "skip lesion".

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slowly growing malignant neoplasm with a propensity for perineural invasion. Microscopic invasion of ACC often prevents its detection on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We herein report a rare case of sublingual ACC presenting as a "skip lesion" that rapidly infiltrated the mandible after tumor resection.

Comparison of Pixel Values of Maxillary Sinus Grafts and Adjacent Native Bone With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Purpose: Pixel values from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are proportional to bone density. This study aimed to correlate and compare pixel values of healed maxillary sinus grafts and adjacent native bone (NB).

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on CBCT scan patients referred for maxillary sinus floor augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate (n = 31).

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses: A systematic review.

Objectives: This was a systematic review of studies on the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for paranasal sinus diseases. The applications of DWI were analyzed along with the main results, and conclusions were obtained by the investigators.

Study Design: Databases were searched using the keyword "diffusion" combined with "sinonasal," "paranasal sinus," "maxillary sinus," "frontal sinus," "ethmoid sinus," and "sphenoid sinus," including only articles that were published from 2008 to 2018.

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Maxillary Sinuses Inflammatory Diseases: Report of Three Cases and Literature Review.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is considered a preferable imaging examination in the diagnosis of inflammatory maxillary sinus disease and can provide precise sinonasal characterization. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient are complementary magnetic resonance imaging tools that can be applied to the differentiation of sinus diseases. In this report, 3 cases of inflammatory maxillary sinus diseases imaging findings considering diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging features were described.