Ultrasound screening for renal and urinary tract anomalies in healthy infants.

Background: Nearly 30% of childhood cases of chronic renal failure in Japan are attributed to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and the number is increasing. Urine screening at school facilitates early diagnosis and treatment of glomerulonephritis, but early screening for anomalies is currently not in practice. The authors evaluated the value of early abdominal ultrasonography screening in 1-month-old infants.