Mismatch repair systems might facilitate the chromosomal recombination induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine, but not by N-nitrosodiethylamine, in Drosophila.

Mismatch repair (MMR) systems play important roles in maintaining the high fidelity of genomic DNA. It is well documented that a lack of MMR increases the mutation rate, including base exchanges and small insertion/deletion loops; however, it is unknown whether MMR deficiency affects the frequency of chromosomal recombination in somatic cells. To investigate the effects of MMR on chromosomal recombination, we used the Drosophila wing-spot test, which efficiently detects chromosomal recombination.

Ryanodine receptor mutations (G4946E and I4790K) differentially responsible for diamide insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L.

This study examined diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) strains showing high-level resistance to cyantraniliprole (KA17 strain) and to flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole (KU13 strain). The LC value of the KA17 strain against cyantraniliprole was ca. 100-fold higher than that of the KU13 strain.

DNA Origami Scaffolds as Templates for Functional Tetrameric Kir3 K Channels.

In native systems, scaffolding proteins play important roles in assembling proteins into complexes to transduce signals. This concept is yet to be applied to the assembly of functional transmembrane protein complexes in artificial systems. To address this issue, DNA origami has the potential to serve as scaffolds that arrange proteins at specific positions in complexes.

New criteria to predict tumor recurrence in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is cancer without expression of ER, PgR, and HER2, and nuclear grade (NG) are closely correlated with malignant potential of breast cancer. However, criteria to determine aggressiveness of breast cancer based on these factors have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to create criteria using these factors to predict tumor recurrence in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

Unilateral multicentric cancer of the breast containing two different histopathological types: Case report.

Unilateral multicentric cancer of the breast containing a tumor with a specific histopathological type is comparatively rare. We, herein, report a case of an unilateral multicentric cancer of the breast containing two separate tumors diagnosed as a papillo-tubular carcinoma and an invasive lobular carcinoma. In addition to the difference in histological type, these two tumors also had different patterns of expression of hormonal receptors reflecting the cellular aggressiveness.

Pedunculated hamartomatous polyp of the appendix: report of a case.

We experienced a rare case of a pedunculated polyp of the appendix, which had been incidentally found by preventive appendectomy performed when providing surgical treatment for rectal carcinoma. A pathological investigation of this polypoid lesion demonstrated branches of fibro-muscular stalks connecting with the lamina muscularis covered by a hyperplastic mucosa, which proved to be consistent with the features of hamartoma. The patient had no external characteristics of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, including mucocutaneous pigmentation and gastrointestinal polyposis, observed by endoscopy.

Analysis of the impact of the body mass index in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) has been suggested to provide clinicopathological information in tumor development and progression in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Methods: The correlation of BMI with clinicopathological features and operation-related factors was analyzed in 308 patients with gastric carcinoma who had undergone distal or total gastrectomy.

Results: There was no significant correlation of obesity, indicated by a high value of BMI, with tumor-related factors including survival, or with operation-related factors.

[High incidence-rate of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (FEC100)].

Background: Oral mucositis is a frequent complication, but is poorly studied among patients with solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the incidence rate of oral mucositis in Japanese breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy(FEC100).

Methods: From June 2007 to July 2008, 61 breast cancer patients eligible for this study received anthracycline-based chemotherapy(FEC100: 5-FU 500mg/m / / 2, epirubicin 100 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2)at National Kyushu Cancer Center and Iwate Medical University Hospital.

Pathological Prognostic Score: a rational criteria to stratify survival in colorectal carcinoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to certify a rationality of Pathological Prognostic Score (PPS) in determining the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Methods: Three hundred and thirty-one patients with colorectal carcinoma, which had been treated by surgical resection, were enrolled. One point was added for each element among four tumor-related pathological factors of depth of tumor, lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion.

The prognostic nutritional index can be a prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma.

Purpose: Preoperative assessments regarding a patient's immunological and nutritional condition are required to predict the outcomes of patients with malignant tumors. The aim of the current study was to clarify the significance of Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), which can simply account for the immunological and nutritional conditions, in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Methods: The correlations of the preoperative OPNI value with clinicopathological features were examined in 219 patients with colorectal carcinoma who had been surgically treated.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: report of a case.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast appears to be a rare neoplasm. Due to the limited number of the cases, a definitive therapeutic option for the disease has not yet been established. We herein report the case of a 57-year-old female patient with primary NEC of the breast who underwent a surgical resection and for whom the suitable adjuvant therapy is now being considered.

[Prominent efficacy from capecitabine mono-therapy for a case with lymphangiosis carcinomatosa derived from recurrent breast cancer].

We met a 61-year-old woman who had been suffering from dyspnea due to pleuritis carcinomatosa derived from recurrent breast cancer for which no former chemotherapy had been effective. Capecitabine mono-therapy could exert a drastic anticancer effect for lymphangiosis carcinomatosa causing more severe symptoms of dyspnea. This therapeutic option could be selected for patients with recurrent breast cancer for which the first- or second-line chemotherapy could not provide a sufficient anti-cancer efficacy and possibly serve to sustain the life quality of the patients.

Serum appearance of anti-p53 antibody in triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Significance of serum appearance of anti-p53 antibody in breast cancer has not been discussed fully.

Methods: The relationship between serum appearance of anti-p53 antibody and the clinicopathological features was investigated on the basis of the data of 42 women with breast cancer who had been treated with surgical resection.

Results: The proportion of tumors with histological grade 3 was significantly higher among tumors with serum appearance of anti-p53 antibody (P = 0.

Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer.

Background: Molecular-targeting drugs able to treat breast cancer expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) would be clinically valuable. The aim of the current study was to determine the further significance of immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in breast cancer.

Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of EGFR was examined in 37 women with breast cancer who had been treated with surgical resection.

Ca2+ influx and protein scaffolding via TRPC3 sustain PKCbeta and ERK activation in B cells.

Ca(2+) signaling mediated by phospholipase C that produces inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] and diacylglycerol (DAG) controls lymphocyte activation. In contrast to store-operated Ca(2+) entry activated by Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-induced Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum, the importance of DAG-activated Ca(2+) entry remains elusive. Here, we describe the physiological role of DAG-activated Ca(2+) entry channels in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling.

A pathogenic C terminus-truncated polycystin-2 mutant enhances receptor-activated Ca2+ entry via association with TRPC3 and TRPC7.

Mutations in PKD2 gene result in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PKD2 encodes polycystin-2 (TRPP2), which is a homologue of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel proteins. Here we identify a novel PKD2 mutation that generates a C-terminal tail-truncated TRPP2 mutant 697fsX with a frameshift resulting in an aberrant 17-amino acid addition after glutamic acid residue 697 from a family showing mild ADPKD symptoms.

Molecular characterization of flubendiamide sensitivity in the lepidopterous ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channel.

Flubendiamide is a benzenedicarboxamide derivative that shows selective insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. The specific modulatory effects of flubendiamide on ryanodine binding in insect muscle microsomal membranes suggest that the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) release channel is a primary target of flubendiamide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the species-specific action of flubendiamide are unclear.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is comparatively rare. Because of the small number of investigations based on sufficient population size, its clinicopathological features have not been fully elucidated. We report herein a patient with SCC of the breast who underwent surgical resection and whose therapeutic options are now considered.

Selective and direct inhibition of TRPC3 channels underlies biological activities of a pyrazole compound.

Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels control influxes of Ca(2+) and other cations that induce diverse cellular processes upon stimulation of plasma membrane receptors coupled to phospholipase C (PLC). Invention of subtype-specific inhibitors for TRPCs is crucial for distinction of respective TRPC channels that play particular physiological roles in native systems. Here, we identify a pyrazole compound (Pyr3), which selectively inhibits TRPC3 channels.

Preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein as an independent prognostic indicator of colorectal carcinoma.

Purpose: The preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is thought to be a prognosticator of carcinomas of the digestive tract. We conducted this study to investigate the clinical importance of the preoperative elevation of serum CRP in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Methods: We investigated the correlation between an elevated preoperative serum CRP level and the clinicopathologic factors, including prognosis, of 116 patients who underwent resection of CRC.

Clinicopathologic significance of an immunohistochemical expression of p27 in scirrhous carcinoma of the breast.

Background: Scirrhous carcinoma has been known to have more aggressive biological behavior than other histologic subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The significance of expression of p27kip1, which is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene, in breast carcinoma remains controversial. The aim of the current study was to clarify clinicopathologic significance of scirrhous carcinoma of the breast with special reference to p27 expression.

Changes in the rat subcutaneous connective tissue after saline and histamine injection in relation to fluid storage and excretion.

An experimental design was developed for morphometric analysis of the subcutaneous connective tissue after the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of saline or a histamine solution (0.01, 0.

RIM1 confers sustained activity and neurotransmitter vesicle anchoring to presynaptic Ca2+ channels.

The molecular organization of presynaptic active zones is important for the neurotransmitter release that is triggered by depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx. Here, we demonstrate a previously unknown interaction between two components of the presynaptic active zone, RIM1 and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), that controls neurotransmitter release in mammalian neurons. RIM1 associated with VDCC beta-subunits via its C terminus to markedly suppress voltage-dependent inactivation among different neuronal VDCCs.