Publications by authors named "Emi Noguchi"
Article Synopsis
- Palbociclib combined with tamoxifen was tested in a phase 3 study involving 184 women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared to tamoxifen alone.
- The results showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), with a median of 24.4 months for the palbociclib-tamoxifen group versus 11.1 months for the placebo-tamoxifen group.
- While overall survival (OS) data is still being gathered, there is a trend suggesting palbociclib-tamoxifen may also reduce mortality risk, though neutropenia was a common severe side effect.
Article Synopsis
- This study focused on the effectiveness of eribulin and capecitabine in treating advanced breast cancer patients with HER2-low expression after prior treatments with anthracyclines and taxanes.
- No significant differences were found in overall survival or progression-free survival rates between patients receiving eribulin and those receiving capecitabine, regardless of their HER2 status.
- The response rates varied, with eribulin showing slightly better effectiveness in hormone-positive patients compared to capecitabine, but no responses were observed in hormone-negative patients for either treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Folate receptor α (FRα) is a promising target for treating cervical cancer, with high FRα expression found in 72.4% of studied patients, particularly in non-squamous cell carcinomas (non-SCC).
- The study analyzed samples from 123 cervical cancer patients, assessing FRα and PD-L1 expression, finding a weak correlation between FRα and PD-L1 levels along with CD8-positive cell counts.
- High FRα expression was linked to worse patient outcomes, especially in those with low PD-L1 expression (CPS <10), suggesting that targeting FRα could be an effective treatment strategy for patients with cervical cancer who exhibit low PD-L1 levels.
Objective: Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in various cancers, with immunological significance as a target for tumor-reactive T-cells. We aimed to investigate the association between the expression of Trop-2 and the tumor immune microenvironment in cervical cancer.
Methods: The study included 123 patients with cervical cancer who underwent primary surgery between 2000 and 2020 in our hospital.
Background/aim: Trabectedin is used as a treatment for advanced-stage soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), particularly liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Aside from its direct effect on tumor cells, trabectedin can affect the immune system in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers predict trabectedin efficacy in STSs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Most cervical adenocarcinomas are linked to HPV, but gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma (GAS) is aggressive and HPV-independent, making treatment challenging due to chemotherapy resistance.
- Researchers created patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from two GAS patients and analyzed protein biomarkers to explore drug development possibilities.
- The study found that HER3 was frequently overexpressed in both patient and PDX tumors, indicating potential new treatment avenues targeting HER3 and HER2 for GAS patients.
Article Synopsis
- * Results showed high concordance in PD-L1 positivity for primary tumors (κ = 0.80) but only moderate for metastatic tumors (κ = 0.60); however, there was poor agreement between primary and metastatic tumors when using the SP142 assay (κ = -0.03).
- * Many patients who tested negative for PD-L1 in their primary tumors may still have positive results in their metastatic tumors, suggesting they could
Prognostic value of hematologic indices and their association with the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear in advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We aimed to evaluate their prognostic value and correlation with the TME status in advanced STS treated with first-line doxorubicin (DXR) therapy. Clinical data and three hematological indices, including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, were collected from 149 patients with advanced STS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a less invasive method for assessing mutations that are essential mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, adequate amounts of DNA are required to assess polyclonal mutations. By combining a peptide nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamping assay, we have developed a novel detection system to screen for polyclonal mutations in ctDNA. A validation assay was prospectively performed on clinical samples and compared with the NGS results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks hormone receptors and HER2, with limited clinical trial data on stage I cases; recent studies suggest differing prognoses between HER2-low and HER2-0 subtypes.
- A retrospective analysis of 42 stage I TNBC patients revealed that 11 were HER2-low and 31 were HER2-0, with median follow-up of over 10 years.
- Results showed HER2-low cases had significantly worse disease-free survival and a tendency for poorer overall survival compared to HER2-0 cases, confirming HER2 as a prognostic factor in early-stage TNBC.
Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and its overexpression is associated with inferior prognosis in several cancers. However, it is unclear whether HER3 expression status changes in tumor tissue at recurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in HER3 expression between primary and recurrent status in gynecological cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were postulated to induce an inflamed tumour microenvironment. We aimed to evaluate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in metastatic breast cancer.
Methods: We identified paired primary and metastatic tumours in 85 patients with breast cancer.
Article Synopsis
- * The research included 103 MBC patients diagnosed over a decade, revealing insights such as a median age of 71, high rates of hormone receptor positivity, and BRCA2 mutations among the tumors.
- * Findings suggested a need for tailored treatment strategies for MBC in Japan, as there are notable differences compared to Western countries, with survival rates of 64.4% for recurrence-free and 54.3% for overall survival over five years.
Article Synopsis
- Mesothelin (MSLN) is a protein found in many types of tumors, including cervical cancer, and researchers wanted to see how it relates to cancer survival.
- The study looked at 123 patients who had cervical cancer and found that 98.4% of their tumors expressed MSLN, with high levels more common in non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) types.
- Patients with high MSLN levels had a shorter survival time compared to those with low levels, suggesting that MSLN could be important for understanding and treating cervical cancer.
Article Synopsis
- Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are important independent prognostic factors for untreated early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), alongside other immune markers like CD8, PD-L1, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS).
- A study of 125 TNBC patients found that including CD8 and PD-L1 in prognostic models significantly improved predictions for patient outcomes compared to using TILs alone.
- High levels of CD8 were linked to better prognosis, while PD-L1 positivity indicated worse outcomes, suggesting that these biomarkers could refine prognostic assessments and guide future clinical trials in TNBC treatment.
Objective: Folate receptor α (FRα) is a membrane protein expressed in various solid tumors but has limited expression in normal cells. Therefore, FRα is an attractive target for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FRα expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of cervical cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: BRCA1 c.5096G>A (p. Arg1699Gln) (hereinafter BRCA1 R1699Q) is classified as a pathogenic genetic variant despite its lower penetrance of breast and ovarian cancers compared to other BRCA1 variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Routine measurement of tumor markers isn't typically recommended for patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), but this study aimed to assess their diagnostic usefulness in grouping patients into favorable or unfavorable categories.
- A review of medical records from patients diagnosed with CUP revealed that among the 199 patients analyzed, 90 were confirmed as having CUP, with only 12 classified in the favorable subset.
- Notably, while no tumor markers achieved 100% sensitivity for unfavorable subsets, ST439 and STN exhibited 100% specificity for identifying these unfavorable cases, suggesting tailored treatment strategies for those with elevated levels.
Introduction: Synovial sarcoma (SS) predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Doxorubicin with or without ifosfamide therapy is the standard first-line treatment for unresectable or metastatic SS. However, there is no standard second-line chemotherapy regimen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Eribulin or capecitabine monotherapy is the next cytotoxic chemotherapy option for patients with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer who have previously received an anthracycline or a taxane. However, it is unclear what factors can guide the selection of eribulin or capecitabine in this setting, and prognostic factors are needed to guide appropriate treatment selection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor for eribulin-treated patients, although it is unclear whether it is a prognostic factor for capecitabine-treated patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Patients with advanced/relapsed rare cancers have few treatment options. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA in plasma may identify actionable genomic biomarkers using a non-invasive approach.
Patients And Methods: Rare cancer patients underwent prospective plasma-based NGS testing.
Background: The V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT) 1 (E17K) is a subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases that affects the survival, proliferation, and invasion of cancer cells. The clinicopathological features and frequencies in Asian populations with AKT1 mutations in breast and endometrial cancers are unclear. Hence, we aimed to determine the frequencies and relationships between clinicopathological features and AKT1 mutations in Asian women with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive disease that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. There is no standard treatment for metastatic ACC; EDP-M (etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus mitotane) is one treatment option. A randomized controlled trial (FIRM-ACT) evaluating the efficacy of EDP-M showed progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF