Macular pucker formation after inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique: Two case reports.

Purpose: The inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique is generally used to treat refractory macular holes (MHs). Recently, a case of macular pucker formation outside the ILM flap after using silicone oil was reported. Although the pucker formation was attributed to the silicone oil use in that case, here we report two cases of macular pucker that occurred after the inverted ILM flap technique was performed without silicone oil.

Extending the Limbus-to-Cannula Distance to 6.0 mm During Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Highly Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of extending the limbus-to-cannula distance to 6.0 mm during pars plana vitrectomy for highly myopic eyes.

Methods: Four eyes with axial lengths exceeding 31.

A versatile cis-prenyltransferase from Methanosarcina mazei catalyzes both C- and O-prenylations.

Polyprenyl groups, products of isoprenoid metabolism, are utilized in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, and other processes. These groups are formed by cis-prenyltransferases, which use allylic prenyl pyrophosphates as prenyl-donors to catalyze the C-prenylation of the general acceptor substrate, isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Repetition of this reaction forms (Z,E-mixed)-polyprenyl pyrophosphates, which are converted later into glycosyl carrier lipids, such as undecaprenyl phosphate and dolichyl phosphate.

Foveal Crack Sign: An OCT Sign Preceding Macular Hole After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To describe an optical coherence tomography (OCT) sign preceding macular hole (MH) formation after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: Patients who underwent PPV for RRD at Osaka Rosai Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017 were examined.

Impact of vitrectomy and air tamponade on aspheric intraocular lens tilt and decentration and ocular higher-order aberrations: phacovitrectomy versus cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of vitrectomy and air tamponade on aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration and postoperative internal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy (phacovitrectomy).

Study Design: Prospective comparative observational study.

Methods: Forty-five eyes that underwent phacovitrectomy using aspheric IOLs and 18 eyes that only underwent cataract surgery also using aspheric IOLs were prospectively evaluated.

Risk Factors, Onset, and Progression of Epiretinal Membrane after 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors, onset timing, and progression of epiretinal membrane (ERM) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Participants: The study included 322 eyes of 322 patients who underwent primary PPV for RRD from January 2014 through December 2016.

A heteromeric cis-prenyltransferase is responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosyl carrier lipids in Methanosarcina mazei.

Cis-prenyltransferases are enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosyl carrier lipids, natural rubber, and some secondary metabolites. Certain organisms, including some archaeal species, possess multiple genes encoding cis-prenyltransferase homologs, and the physiological roles of these seemingly-redundant genes are often obscure. Cis-prenyltransferases usually form homomeric complexes, but recent reports have demonstrated that certain eukaryotic enzymes are heteromeric protein complexes consisting of two homologous subunits.

Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy following Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Characteristics.

Purpose: To report the incidence of, risk factors for, and characteristics of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series.

Participants: Five hundred thirty eyes of 427 patients who underwent primary vitrectomy for PDR from 2013 through 2016.

Characteristics of cases with postoperative vitreous hemorrhage after 25-gauge vitrectomy for repair of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare ocular and systemic parameters between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) cases with postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (PVH) and those without PVH after 25-gauge vitrectomy, and to investigate the predictors of PVH.

Methods: The medical records of 106 eyes of 78 consecutive patients who underwent primary 25-gauge vitrectomy were reviewed.

Results: The incidences of early and late PVH were found to be 18.

A cis-prenyltransferase from Methanosarcina acetivorans catalyzes both head-to-tail and nonhead-to-tail prenyl condensation.

Cis-prenyltransferase usually consecutively catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation reactions of isopentenyl diphosphate to allylic prenyl diphosphate in the production of (E,Z-mixed) polyprenyl diphosphate, which is the precursor of glycosyl carrier lipids. Some recently discovered homologs of the enzyme, however, catalyze the nonhead-to-tail condensation reactions between allylic prenyl diphosphates. In this study, we characterize a cis-prenyltransferase homolog from a methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina acetivorans, to obtain information on the biosynthesis of the glycosyl carrier lipids within it.

Retrospective comparisons of vitrectomy with and without air tamponade to repair lamellar macular hole.

Background And Objective: To investigate the surgical outcomes of vitrectomy with to that without air tamponade in eyes with a lamellar macular hole.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 23 eyes that underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy with air tamponade and 18 eyes that underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy alone were reviewed.

Results: The pre- and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) in logarithm of the minimum angle resolution units were 0.

Retrospective comparison of 25-gauge vitrectomy for repair of proliferative vitreoretinopathy with or without anterior proliferation.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomy for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with and without anterior PVR (A-PVR).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 26 eyes of 26 patients who underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy for grade C PVR with A-PVR and 16 eyes of 16 patients who underwent the same procedure for grade C PVR without A-PVR.

Results: The number of previous surgeries for RRD was significantly higher in A-PVR cases than in those without A-PVR (P = 0.

Reevaluation of the role of parallel fiber synapses in delay eyeblink conditioning in mice using Cbln1 as a tool.

The delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a cerebellum-dependent type of associative motor learning. However, the exact roles played by the various cerebellar synapses, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, remain to be determined. It is also unclear whether long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses is involved in EBC.

Hyperautofluorescent ring in eyes with macular holes.

Background: Fundus autofluorescence studies in eyes with macular holes (MHs) have shown a hyperautofluorescent spot corresponding to the hole and a hypoautofluorescent ring corresponding to the fluid cuff surrounding the hole. The purpose of this report is to present three cases of MH with a different fundus autofluorescence pattern.

Case Reports: Case 1 was a 62-year-old woman who did not know the duration of the MH in her left eye.

25-gauge vitrectomy versus intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: 1 year follow-up.

Introduction: This study aims to compare the long-term efficacy of 25-gauge vitrectomy to that of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 46 eyes of 46 consecutive patients were reviewed. Twenty-seven eyes underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy (VIT Group) and 19 eyes received 1.