Effects of hydrophilic statins on renal tubular lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese mice.

Animal models of obesity show that lipid deposits can injure the kidneys,and there is evidence for the role of lipids in the development of chronic renal dis-ease (CKD). Statins exhibit a lipid-lowering effect that acts on both total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels and pleiotropic effects including their ability to reduce inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to confirm whether obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) promotes lipid accumulation in the tubulointerstitial and/or glomerular areas in the kidney, and whether treatment of several statins, pravastatin (30 mg/kg, p.

Telmisartan reduced abdominal circumference and body weight with decreasing triglyceride level in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Telmisartan has the dual ability to inhibit angiotensin II type 1 receptors and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR), especially as a selective PPAR modulator that does not strongly promote adipogenesis for weight gain. Accordingly, Telmisartan is expected to provide beneficial effects for glucose and lipid metabolism without causing obesity. In the present study, we examined the effects of Telmisartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Acute central administration of immepip, a histamine H3 receptor agonist, suppresses hypothalamic histamine release and elicits feeding behavior in rats.

Histamine suppresses feeding behavior via histamine H1 receptors in the hypothalamus. This study was performed to examine whether the acute reduction of histamine release in the hypothalamus caused by immepip, a histamine H3 agonist, modulates the feeding behavior of rats. Rats had a catheter implanted in the third cerebral ventricle (i3v) and were given central injections of phosphate-buffered-saline or immepip (100-300 pmol/rat).

Hypothalamic neuronal histamine modulates febrile response but not anorexia induced by lipopolysaccharide.

This study examined the contribution of hypothalamic neuronal histamine (HA) to the anorectic and febrile responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an exogenous pyrogen, and the endogenous pyrogens interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of LPS, IL-1beta, or TNF-alpha suppressed 24-hr cumulative food intake and increased rectal temperature in rats. To analyze the histaminergic contribution, rats were pretreated with intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 2.

Hypothalamic neuronal histamine in genetically obese animals: its implication of leptin action in the brain.

Leptin regulates feeding behavior and energy metabolism by affecting hypothalamic neuromodulators. The present study was designed to examine hypothalamic neuronal histamine, a recently identified mediator of leptin signaling in the brain, in genetic obese animals. Concentrations of hypothalamic histamine and tele-methylhistamine (t-MH), a major histamine metabolite, were significantly lower in obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice, and Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats, leptin-deficient and leptin-receptor defective animals, respectively, relative to lean littermates (P < 0.