Structural features of T-DNA that induce transcriptional gene silencing during agroinfiltration.

() is used for the transient expression of foreign genes by the agroinfiltration method, but the introduction of foreign genes often induces transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional gene silencing (TGS and/or PTGS). In this study, we characterized the structural features of T-DNA that induce TGS during agroinfiltration. When cells harboring an empty T-DNA plasmid containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter were infiltrated into the leaves of line 16c with a GFP gene over-expressed under the control of the same promoter, no small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were derived from the GFP sequence.

Effect of sutureless securement on hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection.

The use of sutureless securement devices during catheterization might reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) by suppressing catheter-exit infection and catheter dislodgement. However, the effectiveness of these devices in reducing CRBSI risk when securing hemodialysis catheters has not been explored. This single-center retrospective observational study examined 211 non-tunneled hemodialysis catheters (NTHCs) from 110 hemodialysis inpatients, of which 121 were secured using conventional skin sutures (Suture group) and 90 with GRIP-LOK (GRIP-LOK group).