A Case of Idiopathic Portal Hypertension Diagnosed by Noninvasive Fibrosis Evaluation Using Elastography.

Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is often misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis. Because it is difficult to distinguish between the two using diagnostic imaging, invasive tests, such as pathology and hepatic vein pressure gradient measurement, are necessary to make a diagnosis. Several studies have shown that the measurement of liver and spleen stiffnesses using elastography is useful in the diagnosis of IPH; however, there are few concrete reports on this subject.

Siglec10 Expression on Tumor-associated Macrophages Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: Prognostic indicators for postoperative lung adenocarcinoma are elusive. The interaction between CD24 on tumor cells and sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is implicated in immune evasion in distinct tumors. However, the therapeutic significance of phagocytic checkpoints in lung adenocarcinoma remains unknown.

(Pro)renin Receptor Down-regulation Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Recurrence in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] plays a role not only in cardiovascular and renal diseases, but also in tumorigenesis. (P)RR contributes to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, independent of the renin-angiotensin system. Accumulating evidence has shown that (P)RR is expressed in various human cancers.

CD44v6 downregulation as a prognostic factor for distant recurrence in resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas.

CD44 and CD44 variant isoforms have been reported as contributing factors to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to assess whether CD44 and its variant isoforms were correlated with the prognostic factors for distant metastasis in stage I lung adenocarcinomas using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 490 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma resected between 1999 and 2016.

Incidental finding of extramammary Paget's disease during active surveillance for early-stage prostate cancer in a prostate biopsy.

Introduction: Skin tissue contamination within transcutaneous visceral organ biopsies is seldom found. We encountered a rare case of extramammary Paget's disease incidentally diagnosed by prostate biopsy during active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old Japanese patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer, and active surveillance was selected.

RNF128 expression in lung adenocarcinoma is a favorable prognostic factor associated with decreased tumor-associated macrophages.

Objectives: Molecular-level research has linked RING finger (RNF) protein family members to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Among them, RNF128 is related to tumor progression, but reports on its association with lung cancer are few. This study aimed to clarify the unknown association between RNF128 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Clinicopathological and Prognostic Relevance of Tumoral Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Expression in Patients With Surgically Resected Pancreatic Carcinoma.

Background/aim: The interleukin (IL)-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) pathway promotes cancer development and remodels the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of tumoral ST2 expression remains controversial in some solid malignancies. In this study, we have investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of tumoral ST2 expression in patients with resected pancreatic carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

MMP-7 expression is associated with a higher rate of tumor spread through air spaces in resected lung adenocarcinomas.

Objectives: The spread through air spaces (STAS) of adenocarcinoma (ADC) is a unique pattern for local invasion, which comprises the spread of tumor cells within air spaces beyond the tumor edge without a direct connection with the primary tumor. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), a secreted proteolytic enzyme that degrades various extracellular matrix components and other substrates, regulates several pathophysiological processes as well as the occurrence and development of cancers in humans. Here, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of Japanese patients with treatment-naive, surgically-resected lung ADC to assess whether MMP-7 is associated with STAS development and if it could be used as a predictor of STAS.

Systemic lupus erythematosus with various clinical manifestations in a patient with hereditary angioedema: a case report.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an inherited disease characterized by recurrent angioedema without urticaria or pruritus. The most common types of HAE are caused by deficiency or dysfunction in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH-HAE). The association between C1-INH-HAE and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known; however, variations in the underlying pathophysiology, disease course, and treatment in this population remain incompletely understood.

Antitumor Effects of Orally Administered Rare Sugar D-Allose in Bladder Cancer.

D-allose is a rare sugar that has been reported to up-regulate thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and affect the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the antitumor effect of D-allose is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether orally administered D-allose could be a candidate drug against bladder cancer (BC).

Tumor-associated CD163 macrophage as a predictor of tumor spread through air spaces and with CD25 lymphocyte as a prognostic factor in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Lung cancer can spread in numerous ways, including spread through air spaces (STAS). A high number of CD68 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which creates a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression, is an independent predictor of increased STAS rate and is used as a pan-macrophage marker, whereas CD163 is used as an M2 macrophage marker. A high number of CD25 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with the frequency of STAS.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression is associated with histological type in human gastric carcinoma.

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Gastric carcinoma is histologically subdivided into differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma, with the latter including poorly differentiated carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Poorly differentiated carcinoma and SRCC have a worse prognosis compared with differentiated carcinoma.

Transplant Prognosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Diabetes under Mycophenolic Acid-Focused Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

Mycophenolate mofetil is a key immunosuppressant that is metabolized into mycophenolic acid (MPA). The prognostic impact of MPA-focused therapeutic drug monitoring on allograft prognosis has not been determined in kidney transplant recipients with diabetes. In this study, we assessed the pharmacokinetics of MPA and allograft prognosis in recipients with diabetes.

p53 expression in repair/reactive renal tubular cells: A potential pitfall leading to a false-positive diagnosis of urine cytology.

Background: p53 immunostaining is routinely used as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutational status. In urine cytology, p53 immunocytochemistry is reportedly useful in detecting urothelial carcinoma cells as well as in improving the detection sensitivity and specificity. However, to the best of our knowledge, p53 expression in repair/reactive renal tubular cells (RRTCs) from urine cytologic specimens has not been assessed to date.

Texture indices of 4'-[methyl-C]-thiothymidine uptake predict p16 status in patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with F-FDG uptake.

Background: In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), human papillomavirus (HPV)/p16 status is important as a prognostic biomarker.

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship between 4'-[methyl-C]-thiothymidine (C-4DST) and F-FDG PET texture indices and p16 status in patients with newly diagnosed OPSCC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the collected data of 256 consecutive, previously untreated patients with primary head and neck tumors enrolled between November 2011 and October 2019.

Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration is associated with a higher rate of tumor spread through air spaces in resected lung adenocarcinomas.

Objective: Lung cancer can spread in numerous ways, one of which has been suggested to be spread through air spaces (STAS). The tumor immune microenvironment appears to play a significant role in this spread. Particularly, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can create a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression.

A case report of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing hepatocellular carcinoma that recurred after long-term complete response.

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells in the bone marrow. Several cases of G-CSF-producing malignant tumors in various organs have been reported, but there are only nine cases of G-CSF-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported in the English literature. G-CSF-producing tumors grow rapidly and have a high probability of distant metastases; thus, they generally have a poor prognosis.