Photodynamic therapy reduces the burden of small ultraviolet-induced epidermal clones in human and mouse skin.

Actinic keratoses (AKs) and keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) arise from prolonged UV exposure, with precursor UV-induced clonal mutations (CMs) appearing in sun-damaged skin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a common field treatment for AKs and early KCs, but its impact on subclinical CMs is unknown. This study examines CMs using targeted ultra-deep sequencing on epidermal samples.

Effect of education on sun-safe behaviour in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are more likely to develop skin cancer than the general population. One of the main components of the exposome that triggers the development of skin tumours is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To reduce the incidence of harmful consequences of sun exposure, sun protection education is needed for patients taking long-term immunosuppressive drugs.

Ultradeep sequencing differentiates patterns of skin clonal mutations associated with sun-exposure status and skin cancer burden.

In ultraviolet (UV) radiation-exposed skin, mutations fuel clonal cell growth. The relationship between UV exposure and the accumulation of clonal mutations (CMs) and the correlation between CMs and skin cancer risk are largely unexplored. We characterized 450 individual-matched sun-exposed (SE) and non-SE (NE) normal human skin samples.

5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy with and without Er:YAG laser for actinic keratosis: Changes in immune infiltration.

Introduction: Ultraviolet light induced DNA damage, combined with immunosuppression and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of actinic keratosis. Photodynamic therapy not only destroys dysplastic cells via tissue destruction and vascular shutdown, but also induces an acute local inflammatory response and activates both the innate and adaptive immune system. In our current work we aimed to compare immunohistochemistry features of inflammatory infiltrate of actinic keratoses after 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy with or without Er:YAG laser resurfacing.

Increasing melanoma incidence in the elderly in North-East Hungary: is this a more serious problem than we thought?

There is a great need for efficient and cost-effective melanoma screening, but this is not yet solved. Epidemiological studies on trends in melanoma incidence by tumour thickness, anatomical site and demographical data can help to improve public health efforts regarding earlier melanoma diagnosis. We aimed to study the trends in the incidence and characteristics of patients and their melanoma in North-East Hungary from 2000 to 2014.

Immunological effects of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.

The use of photodynamic therapy is extensive, due to its antitumoral, antibacterial and photorejuvenation effects. It destroys tumor via direct cell destruction and indirectly via vascular shutdown, induction of acute local inflammatory response and activation of the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the immunological effects of photodynamic therapy.

Ultraviolet radiation-mediated development of cutaneous melanoma: An update.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is absorbed by nucleic acids, proteins or other endogenous chromophores, such as porphyrins, flavins and melanin, triggering biological processes in skin cells. Both UV-induced mutations in melanocytes and changes in the immune microenvironment are understood to play a role in the development of cutaneous melanoma. The degree of UV-induced stress and the protection against this stress are influenced by both intracellular and intercellular molecular interactions.

Vertikale Übertragung des Herpes-simplex-Virus: eine Aktualisierung.

Infektionen mit den Herpes-simplex-Viren (HSV)-1 und -2 haben weltweit eine hohe Prävalenz. Eine HSV-Infektion während der Schwangerschaft kann eine neonatale Herpes-Infektion verursachen, die durch eine lebenslange Infektion mit Latenz- und Reaktivierungsperioden gekennzeichnet ist. Ein Säugling kann sich in utero (5 %), peripartal (85 %) oder postnatal (10 %) mit dem HS-Virus infizieren.

Vertical transmission of herpes simplex virus: an update.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2 infections are highly prevalent worldwide. HSV infection during pregnancy can result in neonatal herpes infection, which is characterized by lifelong infection with periods of latency and reactivation. HSV can be acquired by an infant during one of three periods: in utero (5 %), peripartum (85 %), or postnatal (10 %).

Comparison of pre- and post-transplant sun-safe behavior of kidney transplant recipients: What is needed to improve?

Background: The role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is known; however, there are limited data on the contribution of pretransplantation total sun burden (TSB) to the increased skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). The importance of patient education about sun-safe behaviors is understood, but educations are often unsuccessful in OTRs.

Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed with kidney transplant patients at a single academic center to assess the pre- and post-transplant sun exposure, sun protection habits, and skin cancers.

A review of the mechanism of action of lasers and photodynamic therapy for onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is one of the most common diseases in the field of dermatology. It refers to the fungal infection of the nail plate or nail bed with high incidence in the general population. The available treatment options for onychomycosis have limited use due to side effects, drug interactions, and contraindications, which necessitates the application of an alternative treatment for onychomycosis.

[Treatment options of non-melanoma skin tumors in organ transplant recipients in relation to a case report].

The authors present the case of a 59-year-old male patient, whose first kidney transplantation was in 1983 and the second in 2000. The first squamous cell carcinoma appeared on the skin 2 years after the first transplantation. Since 2003, at least two precancerous lesions or non-melanoma skin tumors have been removed surgically yearly.

Pigmented naevi and sun protection behaviour among primary and secondary school students in an Eastern Hungarian city.

Background: The most important risk factors for malignant melanoma are skin type I or II, large number of atypical naevi and a history of sunburn in childhood and adolescence.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess skin type, number of pigmented lesions and sun protection behaviour in 1157 12- to 19-year-old Hungarian students at 20 primary and secondary schools in Debrecen, Hungary. After receiving dermatological training, 18 school doctors examined the students' skin.