Comparison of Cochlear Implant Device Fixation-Well Drilling Versus Subperiosteal Pocket. A Cost Effectiveness, Case-Control Study.

Objective: To compare surgical characteristics and complications between well drilling (WD) and subperiosteal pocket techniques (SPT) for receiver/stimulator (R/S) fixation of cochlear implant (CI), and conduct cost-effectiveness analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study, decision-analysis model.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Exploring payments in the US pharmaceutical market from 2011 to 2019: Update on pharmacy benefit manager impact.

We extended an earlier analysis of the gross revenue, payments, and net revenues of pharmaceutical manufacturers to include data from 2017 through 2019. In the period of 2017 to 2019, we found that gross revenue increased by 6.8% per annum, and payments from manufacturers increased by 13.