The efficacy of toltrazuril for prevention of oriental theileriosis (Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype) in Friesian calves.

The aim of this non-blinded, randomised, controlled study was to determine the efficacy of toltrazuril for the prevention of oriental theileriosis in calves. Thirty calves were infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype through the application and retention of infected female bush ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis). 15 Group 1 calves were treated with a single, oral dose of toltrazuril at the dose registered in Australia for coccidiosis (15 mg/kg), concurrently with tick infection, and 15 Group 2 (control group) calves were untreated.

Reliability and accuracy of scoliotic parameters on using a wireless handheld 3D ultrasound for children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study.

Purpose: To report the accuracy and reliability of Cobb angle (CA), axial vertebral rotation (AVR), kyphotic and lordotic angles (KA and LA) measurements on using a new 3D ultrasound (US) system.

Methods: Forty participants (34 F, 6 M, aged 14.0 ± 2.

Rationale and design of the multi organ inflammation with serial testing study: a comprehensive assessment of functional and structural abnormalities in patients with recovered COVID-19.

Introduction: Short-term clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection are generally favorable. However, 15-20% of patients report persistent symptoms of at least 12 weeks duration, often referred to as long COVID. Population studies have also demonstrated an increased risk of incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease at 12 months following infection.

Alkyl sulfones: discovery of novel structural types with differentiated opportunities for insect control.

The discovery of novel chemical classes with novel modes of action for insect control form the backbone of innovation with the goal to deliver much-needed solutions into the hands of growers. Over the last decade, alkyl sulfones have emerged as one of the most versatile new classes and are under intensive investigation in many R&D programs in the industry, with Sumitomo Chemicals recently introducing oxazosulfyl as a first active ingredient to the market. In this review, we discuss some of our strategies to invent novel classes based upon ligand-based design, and also show how incorporation of physical chemical properties into our design enabled us to predictably control chewing and sucking pests.

Quantifying cerebral microbleeds using quantitative susceptibility mapping from magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo.

T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) is commonly included in brain studies for structural imaging using magnitude images; however, its phase images can provide an opportunity to assess microbleed burden using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This potential application for MPRAGE-based QSM was evaluated using in vivo and simulated measurements. Possible factors affecting image quality were also explored.

MR Susceptibility Separation for Quantifying Lesion Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Evolution in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion evolution may involve changes in diamagnetic myelin and paramagnetic iron. Conventional quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can provide net susceptibility distribution, but not the discrete paramagnetic and diamagnetic components.

Purpose: To apply susceptibility separation (χ separation) to follow lesion evolution in MS with comparison to R*/R /QSM.

Tensor-valued diffusion MRI of human acute stroke.

Purpose: Tensor-valued diffusion encoding can disentangle orientation dispersion and subvoxel anisotropy, potentially offering insight into microstructural changes after cerebral ischemia. The purpose was to evaluate tensor-valued diffusion MRI in human acute ischemic stroke, assess potential confounders from diffusion time dependencies, and compare to Monte Carlo diffusion simulations of axon beading.

Methods: Linear (LTE) and spherical (STE) b-tensor encoding with inherently different effective diffusion times were acquired in 21 acute ischemic stroke patients between 3 and 57 h post-onset at 3 T in 2.

Metabolic transcriptomics dictate responses of cone photoreceptors to retinitis pigmentosa.

Most mutations in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) arise in rod photoreceptors, but cone photoreceptors, responsible for high-resolution daylight and color vision, are subsequently affected, causing the most debilitating features of the disease. We used mass spectroscopy to follow C metabolites delivered to the outer retina and single-cell RNA sequencing to assess photoreceptor transcriptomes. The S cone metabolic transcriptome suggests engagement of the TCA cycle and ongoing response to ROS characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation, which we link to their histone modification transcriptome.

High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging and T2 mapping detect regional changes within the hippocampus in multiple sclerosis.

Hippocampus demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been frequently observed in ex vivo histopathological studies; however, they are difficult to image and quantify in vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 mapping could potentially detect such regional in vivo changes if acquired with sufficient spatial resolution. The goal here was to evaluate whether there are focal hippocampal abnormalities in 43 MS patients (35 relapsing-remitting, eight secondary progressive) with and without cognitive impairment (CI) versus 43 controls using high-resolution 1 mm isotropic DTI, as well as complementary methods of T2-weighted and T2 mapping at 3 T.

High resolution 16S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing study of brain areas associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by incremental deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein in AD and PD brain, respectively, in relatively conserved patterns. Both are associated with neuroinflammation, with a proposed microbial component for disease initiation and/or progression. Notably, Aβ and α-synuclein have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties.

Opposing roles of ZEB1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus control cytoskeletal assembly and YAP1 activity.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitates cancer invasion and is initiated by mesenchyme-driving transcription factors and actin cytoskeletal assembly. We show a cytoplasmic-to-nuclear transport gradient of the EMT transcription factor Zeb1 toward sites of invasion in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), driven by the EMT inducer Tgfb, which is expressed in M2 polarized macrophages. We show that Zeb1 binds free actin monomers and RhoA in the cytoplasm to inhibit actin polymerization, blocking cell migration and Yap1 nuclear transport.

Five new species of Yoyetta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from south-eastern Australia.

Five new species are described in the genus Yoyetta Moulds, each belonging to the Yoyetta tristrigata (Goding and Froggatt) species group. Yoyetta australicta n. sp.

Quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging in presence of strong susceptibility sources: Application to hemorrhage.

Purpose: To optimize quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging also known as true susceptibility-weighted imaging (tSWI) for strong susceptibility sources like hemorrhage and compare to standard susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods: Ten patients with known intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were scanned using a 3D SWI sequence. The magnitude and phase images were utilized to compute QSM, tSWI and SWI images.

Lifespan Volume Trajectories From Non-harmonized T1-Weighted MRI Do Not Differ After Site Correction Based on Traveling Human Phantoms.

Multi-site imaging consortiums strive to increase participant numbers by pooling data across sites, but scanner related differences can bias results. This study combines data from three research MRI centers, including three different scanner models from two vendors, to examine non-harmonized T1-weighted brain imaging protocols in two cohorts. First, 23 human traveling phantoms were scanned twice each at all three sites (six scans per person; 138 scans total) to quantify within-participant variability of brain volumes (total brain, white matter, gray matter, lateral ventricles, thalamus, caudate, putamen and globus pallidus), and to calculate site-specific correction factors for each structure.

Molecular survey of Babesia parasites in Kenya: first detailed report on occurrence of Babesia bovis in cattle.

Background: Among protozoan parasites in the genus Babesia, Babesia bigemina is endemic and widespread in the East African region while the status of the more pathogenic Babesia bovis remains unclear despite the presence of the tick vector, Rhipicephalus microplus, which transmits both species. Recent studies have confirmed the occurrence of R. microplus in coastal Kenya, and although B.

A Normative Brain MRI Database of Neurotypical Participants from 5 to 90 Years of Age.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of clinical populations often require comparison to a normative 'control' cohort, usually of similar age/sex, scanned with the same protocol. The goal here was to create a normative brain MRI database of common quantitative methods to be used in comparisons with a variety of neurological disorders across the lifespan. 378 neurotypical controls (aged 5-90 years; median 31 years; 216 females, 162 males) completed brain MRI, cognitive testing, clinical assessment, and a demographics questionnaire.

Distinct patterns of progressive gray and white matter degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Progressive cerebral degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains poorly understood. Here, three-dimensional (3D) texture analysis was used to study longitudinal gray and white matter cerebral degeneration in ALS from routine T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants were included from the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC) who underwent up to three clinical assessments and MRI at four-month intervals, up to 8 months after baseline (T ).

Intracranial Involvement in Takayasu's Arteritis.

Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel vasculitis that targets the aorta and its major branches. Although extracranial vascular involvement is uniformly present in this disease, the frequency of intracranial involvement in TAK has not been well studied. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging records of patients diagnosed with TAK at a single Canadian university medical centre to determine the prevalence of intracranial vascular involvement.

Diffusion imaging of fornix and interconnected limbic deep grey matter is linked to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown white matter (WM) and deep grey matter (GM) abnormalities in the limbic system of multiple sclerosis (MS) participants. Structures like the fornix have been associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in MS, but the diffusion metrics are often biased by partial volume effects from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to its small bundle size and intraventricular location. These errors in DTI parameter estimation worsen with atrophy in MS.

Approaches to Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) for with an Emphasis on Immunity.

Integrated parasite management (IPM) for pests, pathogens and parasites involves reducing or breaking transmission to reduce the impact of infection or infestation. For , the critical impact of infection is the first wave of parasitaemia from the virulent genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose, associated with the sequelae from the development of anaemia. Therefore, current control measures for advocate excluding the movement of naïve stock from non-endemic regions into infected areas and controlling the tick , the final host.

Investigating the Barrier Activity of Novel, Human Enhancer-Blocking Chromatin Insulators for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy.

Despite the unequivocal success of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell gene therapy, limitations still exist including genotoxicity and variegation/silencing of transgene expression. A class of DNA regulatory elements known as chromatin insulators (CIs) can mitigate both vector transcriptional silencing (barrier CIs) and vector-induced genotoxicity (enhancer-blocking CIs) and have been proposed as genetic modulators to minimize unwanted vector/genome interactions. Recently, a number of human, small-sized, and compact CIs bearing strong enhancer-blocking activity were identified.

A Vaccine to Prevent Egg Layer Peritonitis in Chickens.

A series of studies was undertaken in specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens for the development of a chicken model of avian pathogenic (APEC) peritonitis. Once established, this model was then used to measure the effectiveness of a siderophore receptor and porin proteins (SRP) APEC vaccine. Initially, five pilot studies were performed to compare the serotype, challenge route, and dose of inoculum that resulted in pathologies characteristic of the peritonitis observed in commercial layer facilities, such as widespread organ infection, atrophy, discoloration, corrugation of yolk sacs, and the presence of caseous exudate.

Sodium Intensity Changes Differ Between Relaxation- and Density-Weighted MRI in Multiple Sclerosis.

The source of Tissue Sodium Concentration (TSC) increase in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains unclear, and could be attributed to altered intracellular sodium concentration or tissue microstructure. This paper investigates sodium in MS using three new MRI sequences. Three sodium scans were acquired at 4.