Development of a closed-loop controller for functional electrical stimulation therapy plus visual feedback balance training for standing balance training.

Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) demonstrate impaired upright balance, resulting in increased fall risk. Task-specific visual feedback balance training (VFBT) has previously been shown to improve upright balance. In addition, therapies using functional electrical stimulation (FES) have been shown to improve various motor functions.

Clinical Benefits and System Design of FES-Rowing Exercise for Rehabilitation of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To comprehensively and critically appraise the clinical benefits and engineering designs of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-rowing for management of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Data Sources: Electronic database searches were conducted in Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Excerpta Medica database, Emcare, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to May 12, 2020.

Study Selection: Search terms used were synonyms of "spinal cord injury" for Population and "Electric Stimulation (Therapy)/ and rowing" for Intervention.