Evaluation of cognitive dysfunction by the clock drawing test in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome patients: Correlation with other neuropsychological tests.

Objectives: To evaluate the cognitive status with a simple practical test, clock drawing test (CDT), in a larger multiple sclerosis (MS) patient group and in comparison, with controls.

Methods: We included 171 patients (17-65 years) with MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 98 healthy controls who applied between date 2018-2020 years in Neurology Department of Pamukkale University. The CDTs were applied to all subjects.

The ratio of monocyte frequency to HDL cholesterol level as a predictor of asymptomatic organ damage in patients with primary hypertension.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the ratio of monocyte frequency to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (the monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR)) and asymptomatic organ damage (AOD) in primary hypertension (PHT). A total of 366 participants were enrolled in the study, including 275 cases currently being followed up after a diagnosis of PHT in our clinic and 91 healthy volunteers. The MHR was higher in patients with PHT than in individuals in the control group.

Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil inhalation prevents memory impairment, anxiety and depression in scopolamine-treated rats.

Anthriscus nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel is used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine around the world, including Turkey. Ethnobotanical studies suggest that Anthriscus essential oil could improve memory in Alzheimer's disease.

The Effects of Inhaled Pimpinella peregrina Essential Oil on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment, Anxiety, and Depression in Laboratory Rats.

In the present study, we identified the effects of inhaled Pimpinella peregrina essential oil (1 and 3 %, for 21 continuous days) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression in laboratory rats. Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests were used for assessing memory processes. Also, the anxiety and depressive responses were studied by means of the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests.

Antiamnesic and Antioxidants Effects of Ferulago angulata Essential Oil Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Laboratory Rats.

Ferulago angulata (Apiaceae) is a shrub indigenous to western Iran, Turkey and Iraq. In traditional medicine, F. angulata is recommended for treating digestive pains, hemorrhoids, snake bite, ulcers and as sedative.