Exosomes/Extracellular Vesicles Containing GP63 Are Essential for Enhance Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Development Upon Co-Inoculation of and Its Exosomes.

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies leading to a wide range of diseases called leishmaniasis. Recently, we demonstrated that spp.derived exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EVs/LeishEXO) were released in the lumen of the sand fly midgut and to be co-egested with the parasite during the blood meal and that LeishEXO were found to stimulate an inflammatory response conducting to an exacerbated cutaneous leishmaniasis, also it was shown that these vesicles cargo important virulence factors like GP63.

28Sβ Ribosomal Gene Allows Intra and Interspecific Molecular Differentiation.

is an avirulent flagellate protozoan that could mislead correct diagnosis of infection, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, given their high similarity. Besides, presents two genetic groups, whose differentiation is achieved mainly by molecular approaches. In this context, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a useful target for intra and interspecific molecular differentiation.

DNA content analysis allows discrimination between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli.

Trypanosoma cruzi, a human protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Currently the species is divided into six taxonomic groups. The genome of the CL Brener clone has been estimated to be 106.

Analysis of Knowledge Level in Brazilian Students about Human Papillomavirus Infection and Development of Penile Cancer.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV), belonging to the Papovavirida family, is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) agent worldwide. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are 3-6 million people infected with HPV. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of young male students about penis cancer related to HPV infection.

Semisolid liver infusion tryptose supplemented with human urine allows growth and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli clonal lineages.

Introduction: This work shows that 3% (v/v) human urine (HU) in semisolid Liver Infusion Tryptose (SSL) medium favors the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli.

Methods: Parasites were plated as individual or mixed strains on SSL medium and on SSL medium with 3% human urine (SSL-HU).

Species-specific markers for the differential diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli and polymorphisms detection in Trypanosoma rangeli.

Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli are kinetoplastid parasites which are able to infect humans in Central and South America. Misdiagnosis between these trypanosomes can be avoided by targeting barcoding sequences or genes of each organism. This work aims to analyze the feasibility of using species-specific markers for identification of intraspecific polymorphisms and as target for diagnostic methods by PCR.