Corrigendum to "Spontaneous round ligament hematoma as an unusual cause of pelvic pain in a young female patient: MRI demonstration" [Radiology Case Reports 17 (2022) 1765-1769].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.

Spontaneous round ligament hematoma as an unusual cause of pelvic pain in a young female patient: MRI demonstration.

The cause of pelvic pain remains a significant diagnostic challenge, even for experienced radiologists. An accurate differential diagnosis has to be done according to the patient's age and gender. Spontaneous round ligament hematoma is an uncommon cause of acute pelvic pain in adult female patients.

Thromboembolism prophylaxis in laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic benign diseases. Results of a single center experience in 922 procedures.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the role of preoperative evaluation risk for venous tromboembolism (VTE) in patients submitted to laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic benign diseases.

Methods: Date from nine hundred twenty-two women affected by adnexal benign diseases treated with laparoscopic procedures were collected and included in this study. VTE risk was assessed by "on line Caprini score calculator".

Full-Thickness Excision versus Shaving by Laparoscopy for Intestinal Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: Rationale and Potential Treatment Options.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial mucosa (glands and stroma) abnormally implanted in locations other than the uterine cavity. Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is considered the most aggressive presentation of the disease, penetrating more than 5 mm in affected tissues, and it is reported in approximately 20% of all women with endometriosis. DIE can cause a complete distortion of the pelvic anatomy and it mainly involves uterosacral ligaments, bladder, rectovaginal septum, rectum, and rectosigmoid colon.

Fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy or salpingectomy for tubal ectopic pregnancy A 12-years retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To compare the subsequent reproductive outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy or salpingectomy for tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP).

Material Of Study: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2002 and May 2014 on 132 women admitted to Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", "Gaetano Martino" Hospital, University of Messina (Italy), with EP and who received surgical treatment, including laparoscopic salpingectomy (n=57) or salpingostomy (n=75).

Correlation between dioxin and endometriosis: an epigenetic route to unravel the pathogenesis of the disease.

Introduction: Environmental toxicants can act as endocrine disrupters on the female reproductive system. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is resistant to degradation and due to its lipophilic nature, accumulates in the fat tissue and in the food chain. Human and animal exposure to TCDD affects levels of the steroid receptors and steroid-responsive gene expression and has an impact on metabolism and serum transport of steroids.

The role of episiotomy in prevention of genital lacerations during vaginal deliveries--results from two European centers.

Objectives: There is an ongoing debate regarding the routine versus restrictive use of episiotomy The study aim was to investigate if episiotomy during vaginal deliveries can reduce both, the number and severity of genital lacerations.

Material And Methods: The study included all women who gave vaginal birth at AOU. "G.

Anger in women treated with assisted reproductive technology (ART): effects on mother and newborn.

Objective: To assess anger, as well as other negative emotions, in women who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) respect to women who conceived naturally, and explore the effect of anger on neonatal outcomes.

Methods: We recorded personal and obstetric history of the patients, neonatal weight, Apgar score, obstetric and neonatal complications. We performed Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-SCID I and II in order to assess the DSM IV axis I and axis II, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety scale (SAS).

Behavior of tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1/tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 system in mononuclear cells recovered from peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis at different stages.

During endometriosis, a breakdown occurs in endometrial and peritoneal homeostasis caused by cytokine-induced cell proliferation and dysregulation of apoptosis. We studied tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF receptor (TNFR) 1, and TNFR2 gene expression at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in peritoneal fluid (PF) mononuclear cells (PFMCs), the percentages of these cells bearing the same markers, and soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) values in PF of 80 women with endometriosis. We found that TNFR1 mRNA and protein levels, the percentages of TNFR1-bearing PFMCs, and sTNF-α values decreased from minimal to severe stages of the disease.

Developmental and clinical overview of lithopaidion.

Lithopaidion, or stone child, is generally a single rare asymptomatic formation that evolves from an undiagnosed and untreated advanced abdominal pregnancy. The dead fetus is retained in the maternal abdominal cavity, which causes calcification. In this paper, we review the literature on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical features of lithopaidion and report a unique case of lithokelyphos in a patient with an ectopic fallopian pregnancy.

Interplay between Misplaced Müllerian-Derived Stem Cells and Peritoneal Immune Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis.

In the genetic regulation of Müllerian structures development, a key role is played by Hoxa and Wnt clusters, because they lead the transcription of different genes according to the different phases of the organogenesis, addressing correctly cell-to-cell interactions, allowing, finally, the physiologic morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence is suggesting that dysregulation of Wnt and/or Hox genes may affect cell migration during organogenesis and differentiation of Müllerian structures of the female reproductive tract, with possible dislocation and dissemination of primordial endometrial stem cells in ectopic regions, which have high plasticity to differentiation. We hypothesize that during postpubertal age, under the influence of different stimuli, these misplaced and quiescent ectopic endometrial cells could acquire new phenotype, biological functions, and immunogenicity.

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding: a 6- and 12-month morphological and clinical follow-up.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as any alteration in the pattern or volume of menstrual blood flow, and it is preferably treated using hysterectomy, endometrial destruction or the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena(®) ). Recently, it has been demonstrated that studies of Mirena(®) were generally small and consequently imprecise.

Aims: Our study was aimed at assessing the effects of a slow-release levonorgestrel (20 μg/day) intrauterine device in fertile and postmenopausal women experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding that did not respond to traditional medical management.

Chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis: an overview.

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) could be considered nowadays a deep health problem that challenges physicians all over the world. This because its aetiology is still unclear, the course of the disease could vary a lot among different patients and through time in the same patient, and the response to treatments is not every time successful. Among women who underwent laparoscopy for CPP, endometriosis is found in about 1/3 of the cases, while only 25% of women with histological confirmed endometriosis are asymptomatic.

Mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome: embryology, genetics and clinical and surgical treatment.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by primary amenorrhea and infertility and by congenital aplasia of the uterus and of the upper vagina. The development of secondary sexual characters is normal as well as that the karyotype (46,XX). Etiologically, this syndrome may be caused by the lack of development of the Müllerian ducts between the fifth and the sixth weeks of gestation.

Morphological study of the residual ovarian tissue removed by laparoscopy or laparotomy in adolescents with benign ovarian cysts.

Background/purpose: The stripping of benign ovarian cysts has been reported to be preferable to cyst wall ablation. The procedure can be performed via either an open or laparoscopic approach. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the technique of stripping performed by laparoscopy and laparotomy in the treatment of benign ovarian masses in the pediatric age group with respect to healthy ovarian tissue.

Dysregulation of the Fas/FasL system in mononuclear cells recovered from peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.

In endometriosis, regurgitating endometrial cells fail to undergo apoptosis and implant themselves outside the uterus, particularly in the peritoneum. We studied Fas and FasL behaviour by evaluating the percentages of mFas and mFasL-bearing mononuclear cells from peritoneal fluid, the level of Fas and FasL gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels in the same cells, and the sFas and sFasL values in peritoneal fluid of 80 endometriotic women, at four stages of disease severity. We found no variation in percentage of mFas-bearing mononuclear cells; high and unchanging levels of Fas mRNA and protein, and high and invariable sFas values.

Delayed delivery of a twin pregnancy and uterine atony: morphological and clinical evidence.

This report presents the uncommon case of a 154-day delayed delivery in a spontaneous twin pregnancy associated with uterine atony. After abortion of the first fetus at 16 weeks, a healthy male was born at 38 weeks. Postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, which was successfully treated with prostaglandins, occurred.

Efficacy of laparoscopic stripping for ovarian cysts: histological and clinical findings.

Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the laparoscopic stripping technique on benign ovarian masses with respect to healthy ovarian tissue.

Material And Methods: Seventy-six patients between 14 and 40 years of age were enrolled after receiving a diagnosis of mono-lateral ovarian cyst and underwent laparoscopic surgery for cyst excision with the stripping technique. Histological observations of these specimens were then performed and graded on a semiquantitative scale.

Morphologic patterns of human endometrial epithelium in women with uterine myomata treated with leuprorelin acetate.

Aim: We studied morphologic modifications of the endometrium induced by leuprorelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in women with uterine myomata.

Methods: Transmission and scanning electron microscopy observations were performed after 2 or 6 cycles of therapy (every 28 days).

Results: A near-normal endometrium was observed after 2 months of therapy, while treatment with 6 cycles of leuprorelin acetate induced a uniform morphologic regression of the uterine mucosa.

Ectopic pregnancy in tubal remnant stump after ipsilateral adnexectomy for cystic teratoma.

Purpose: We present a case of ectopic pregnancy occurring in the stump of a remnant fallopian tube following ipsilateral adnexectomy for a mature cystic teratoma.

Methods: She had a laparoscopic salpingectomy.

Results: We hypothesize the intrauterine transmigration of the fecundated ovum.

Relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis extracts on isolated human non-pregnant uterine muscle.

Objectives: This study investigated the relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) on human uterine muscle. The major uses of this species in Europe are as a sedative and an anxiolytic; it is also used as a spasmolytic to treat gastrointestinal spasm.