Epidemiology of obstetric violence: a narrative review of the Brazilian context.

The aim of this review is to present the state of the art regarding obstetric violence in Brazil. The most commonly used terms are "obstetric violence," "disrespect and abuse," and "mistreatment". Concerning measurement, the most widely used instrument is based on the definition of "mistreatment," still in its early stages of evaluation and lacking adaptation to Brazil.

Association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying: the role of deviant behaviors.

Background: Ultra-processed foods have been associated with several negative outcomes, but it is not clear whether they are related to bullying perpetration. Moreover, no previous study has investigated the potential role of deviant behaviors as a mediator of this association. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying, and the mediating effect of deviant behaviors in this association, among school adolescents.

Relationship between polyvictimization and overweight among adolescents from São Paulo city, Brazil.

This study is to identify victimization patterns and analyze the association between the experience of polyvictimization and overweight or obesity among adolescent girls and boys. The sample consisted of 2680 Brazilian ninth-graders enrolled in public and private schools, taken from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Victimization was explored in two ways: (i) as per Finkelhor and (ii) by latent class analysis (LCA).

Characterization and completeness of notification sheet of violence against the older adults in Niterói-RJ, 2011-2020.

Objective: to analyze the profile of violence against the elderly and the degree of completeness of event notification forms in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: this was a descriptive study having as its data source violence notification forms held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System for the period 2011-2020; analysis of form completeness was performed according to criteria proposed by the Ministry of Health.

Results: of the 486 registered cases, physical violence was the most reported type of violence (48.

The effect of obstetric violence during childbirth on breastfeeding: findings from a perinatal cohort "Birth in Brazil".

Background: Recent literature has shown that many women worldwide are victims of obstetric violence during childbirth. Despite that, few studies are exploring the consequences of such violence on women's and newborn's health. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the causal association between obstetric violence during childbirth and breastfeeding.

Environment modification at school to promote physical activity among adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of modifications of the school environment on physical activity in Brazilian adolescent students.

Methods: Seven public schools in Duque de Caxias (Brazil) were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group underwent modifications in the school environment (painting of hopscotch and school courts) and the provision of sports equipment (balls, basketball table, soccer goalpost, volleyball nets, and others) to stimulate physical activity.

Social vulnerabilities and sexual initiation of 10- to 14-year-old pupils in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual initiation of pupils aged 10 to 14 who attended the second year of public and private high school in the IX Administrative Region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and to identify the most vulnerable subgroups. The sample consisted of 694 pupils who were selected through cluster-based and stratified sampling by considering school type (public or private) and course type (daytime or evening). Information was collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire.

Association between Community Violence, Disorder and School Environment with Bullying among School Adolescents in Sao Paulo - Brazil.

The role of contextual-level factors in bullying is still not clear, and evidence is mostly from high-income countries. Our objective was to investigate the association between community violence, disorder, school environment and bullying among school adolescents. We used data from a representative sample of 9th grade Brazilian adolescents ( = 2108) from the Sao Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP - PROSO).

Association Between Dietary Patterns and Bullying Among Adolescents in Sao Paulo-Brazil.

Previous studies have assessed the association between food consumption and bullying perpetration, but most of them have not broadly assessed food consumption, neither the distinction between forms of bullying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns with bullying roles and its different types of bullying perpetration among adolescents. Data on a representative sample of ninth-grade students ( = 2,163; mean age = 14.

Association between parental supervision and bullying victimization and perpetration in Brazilian adolescents, Brazilian National Survey of Student's Health 2015.

Objective: To analyze the association between parental supervision characteristics and different bullying roles among Brazilian adolescent school students.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National School Student Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015. Frequent meals with parents/guardians, knowing about students' free time activities and checking their homework were the parental practices assessed.

Structural validity of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI): A reduced version for use on respondents as victims and perpetrators.

Objectives: To evaluate CADRI's configural and metric structures and explore its performance from the perspective of the respondents as perpetrators and victims. In the process, we present shorter versions for both roles.

Methods: The sample consisted of 561 adolescents aged 15 and 19, enrolled in public and private schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Disrespect and abuse, mistreatment and obstetric violence: a challenge for epidemiology and public health in Brazil.

Studies on disrespect and abuse/mistreatment/obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium have increased in recent decades. However, researchers interested in the subject face many theoretical and methodological difficulties. In this sense, this study aims to discuss and reflect on how issues related to definition and terminology, measurement, and public policies in Brazil have hindered research on this topic and the mitigation of these acts.

[Distribution of scientific capital among tenured professors in the Social and Human Sciences and Epidemiology in the Collective Health field].

Scientific capital in the Collective Health field has been organized in three subfields: Epidemiology; Policy, Planning, and Management; and Social and Human Sciences. Based on Bourdieu's field theory as the sociological reference, the study analyzed the distribution of a set of scientific capital between two of these groups of scientific agents. The data were extracted from the Lattes database of resumés for 191 tenured faculty members of Graduate Studies Programs in Collective Health assessed as excellent by the Brazilian Graduate Studies Coordinating Board (CAPES), of which 38 were in the Social and Human Sciences and 153 in Epidemiology, all consolidated in an Excel database.

Psychometric properties of a modified version of Brazilian household food insecurity measurement scale - Pró-Saúde study.

We present results of initial steps of the psychometric evaluation of a proposed modified version of the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale aimed at assessing adults' recall of food insecurity at age 12. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires from civil servants at university campuses in Rio de Janeiro, who participated in the first and fourth waves of the longitudinal Pró-Saúde Study. We evaluated test-retest reliability (n=58), internal consistency, factor structure, convergent, discriminant validity (n=3,253).

Educational disparities in hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking in Brazil: a trend analysis of 578 977 adults from a national survey, 2007-2018.

Objectives: Our study aimed to assess social inequality trends for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity from 2007 to 2018 in adults from Brazilian capitals.

Setting: Data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey study, a cross-sectional telephone survey, conducted annually from 2007 to 2018.

Participants: We used data from 578 977 Brazilian adults (≥18 years).

The association between mistreatment of women during childbirth and postnatal maternal and child health care: Findings from "Birth in Brazil".

Background: The mistreatment of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium is a global public health problem besides being a violation of human rights. However, research exploring the consequences of mistreatment of women and newborns is scarce.

Question: To shed light on this issue, we investigated the association between the mistreatment of women during childbirth and the subsequent use of postnatal health services by women and their newborns.

Association Between Interpersonal Violence With Inadequate Nutritional Status Among Brazilian Adolescents.

Research focusing on the relationship between interpersonal violence and nutritional status in adolescence is scarce and has distinct results. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of family physical and sexual violence with inadequate nutritional status in Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the 2015 Brazilian National Survey of School Health.

Feasibility in meeting nutrient amounts of the National School Feeding Program and its relationship with the menu cost.

We evaluated the feasibility of the menu adequacy regarding the nutritional constraints established by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and its relation to the cost. Each menu accounted for a given food combination within each food group. A diet optimization model comprising each set of foods was designed to obtain food quantities in order to meet the exigences of the PNAE at the lowest cost (menus with 20% and 30% of dietary reference intake for energy, macronutrients, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A and C, also restrictions for sodium, saturated and trans fats, and added sugar).

Reducing ultra-processed foods and increasing diet quality in affordable and culturally acceptable diets: a study case from Brazil using linear programming.

The aim was to design culturally acceptable and healthy diets with reduced energetic share of ultra-processed foods (UPF%) at no cost increment and to evaluate the impact of the change in the UPF% on diet quality. Food consumption and price data were obtained from the Household Budget Survey (n 55 970 households) and National Dietary Survey (n 32 749 individuals). Linear programming models were performed to design diets in which the mean population UPF% was reduced up to 5 % with no cost increment relative to the observed costs.

Contributions to address violence against older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Most Brazilian state and municipal governments have used social distancing as the primary strategy for reducing the transmission speed of the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. However, this social isolation has had several adverse repercussions, including increased intrafamily violence against children, adolescents, and women. Recently, violence against older adults (VAOA) during the pandemic has also been on the agenda of concerns, although discussing possible strategies for coping with VAOA during COVID-19 is still unimpressive worldwide.

Treatment of Childhood Obesity Based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Plus Energy Restriction (PAPPAS HUPE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population relies on natural or minimally processed foods mainly of plant origin such as beans and rice with low oil, salt, and sugar content and limited consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Reduction of ultraprocessed foods improves diet quality and energy consumption.

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for the treatment of obesity in children, with counseling based on the Brazilian Food Guide plus control of total energy intake.