Relapsing subcutaneous nodules of the penis in a pediatric patient.

A 14-year-old boy presented with a history of non-tender, subcutaneous coalescing nodules located on the ventral-lateral aspects of the penis shaft for one year. Laboratory investigations for blood count and autoimmunity were within normal limits. Complete excision was performed, and on histology, the dermis showed necrobiotic material composed of altered collagen bundles, surrounded by a palisade of histiocytes and scattered lymphocytes, thus allowing a diagnosis of subcutaneous granuloma annulare.

Preliminary Study of the Relationship between Osteopontin and Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of tissue osteopontin, also known as secreted phosphoprotein 1 (), as a contributing factor to an unfavorable prognosis in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients who received the same treatment protocol. The study involved 44 patients aged 4-22 years, with a median follow-up period of 3 years. Patients with higher levels of were associated with tissue necrosis and inflammation, and there was a trend toward a poorer prognosis in this group.

Promising drugs and treatment options for pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Currently-available therapies for newly-diagnosed pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma result in >95% survival at 5 years. Long-term survivors may suffer from long-term treatment-related side effects, however, so the past 20 years have seen clinical trials for children and adolescents with HL gradually abandon the regimens used in adults in an effort to improve this situation. Narrower-field radiotherapy can reduce long-term toxicity while maintaining good tumor control.

Extranodal Biphenotypic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Popliteal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Primary soft-tissue lymphoma (PSTL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by a mass growing within soft-tissue, which is connective tissue, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Here, we describe a case of biphenotypic lymphoblastic lymphoma arising from soft tissue of the popliteal fossa in an 11-year-old boy. A pediatric review about PSTL revealed that anaplastic large cell lymphoma is the most common histological type and a biphenotypic lymphoblastic lymphoma has not yet been reported in childhood.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists increase splenic regulatory T-cell numbers in immune thrombocytopenia.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) are a valid therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), due to megakaryocyte stimulation and (poorly characterised) immune-modulatory effects. The spleen is pivotal in the pathogenesis of ITP, yet little is known on its immune microenvironment and on effects of TPO-RA on this organ. To address these topics, we analysed 35 spleens removed for primary refractory ITP.

Primary breast lymphoma of childhood: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is an extremely rare neoplasm in children; by definition, it manifests in the breast without evidence of lymphoma elsewhere, except ipsilateral axillary nodes.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the right breast: the patient received chemotherapy and rituximab, achieving complete remission. A literature review revealed other 11 cases of pediatric PBL; it mainly affects female adolescents and can involve right and left breast equally.

Prognostic Role of Minimal Disseminated Disease and Mutational Status in Children with Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: The AIEOP Experience.

(N/F) mutational status at diagnosis is employed for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) patients' stratification in the international protocol LBL 2018. Our aim was to validate the prognostic role of Minimal Disseminated Disease (MDD) alone and in combination with N/F mutational status in a large retrospective series of LBL pediatric patients. MDD was analyzed in 132 bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry.

Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric dysplasia: a new rare entity?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection characterizes a portion of gastric adenocarcinomas. However, since there is lack of evidence of EBV presence in pre-neoplastic lesions of gastric mucosa, the etiologic role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis is still debated. We report an unusual case of an EBV-associated foveolar gastric dysplasia associated with a focus of EBV-positive low-grade tubular adenocarcinoma, arisen in the context of a lymphocytic-like (EBV-positive) gastritis.

Prognostic Factors in Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Long Term Results of the International ALCL99 Trial.

With the aim of describing the long-term follow-up and to define the prognostic role of the clinical/pathological/molecular characteristics at diagnosis for childhood, adolescent and young adults affected by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), we analyzed 420 patients aged up to 22 years homogeneously treated within the international ALCL99 trial. The 10-year progression free survival (PFS) was 70% and overall survival was 90%, rare late relapses occurred but no secondary malignancies were reported. Among clinical/pathological characteristics, only patients presenting a small cell/lymphohistiocytic (SC/LH) pattern were independently associated with risk of failure (hazard ratio = 2.

Epstein-Barr virus BART microRNAs in EBV- associated Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer.

Background: EBV produces miRNAs with important functions in cancer growth, tumor invasion and host immune surveillance. The discovery of EBV miR-BARTs is recent, and most of their functions are still unknown. Nonetheless, some new studies underline their key roles in EBV-associated malignancies.

Comparison of Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents. A Twenty Year Experience with MH'96 and LH2004 AIEOP (Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology) Protocols.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) represent a distinct group of patients. The objectives of this study were: To compare adolescent prognosis to that of younger children; to compare the results achieved with the two consecutive protocols in both age groups; to analyze clinical characteristics of children and adolescents. Between 1996 and 2017, 1759 patients aged <18 years were evaluable for the study.

Rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood and adolescence: A consensus diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric-type follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and nonanaplastic peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Pediatric-type follicular (PTFL), marginal zone (MZL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) account each for <2% of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We present clinical and histopathological features of PTFL, MZL, and few subtypes of PTCL and provide treatment recommendations. For localized PTFL and MZL, watchful waiting after complete resection is the therapy of choice.

Eltrombopag for immune thrombocytopenia secondary to chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: a phase 2 multicenter study.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) secondary to chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) is poorly responsive to conventional treatments. We conducted a multicenter phase 2 prospective 24-week study in 18 patients with ITP secondary to LPDs to assess the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag. Responsive patients entered an extension study for up to 5 years.

Successful Treatment of an EBV-positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient With Trisomy 21.

Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) secondary to a chronic severe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has not been previously described in a patient with trisomy 21. Here we report the case of a 14-year-old girl with trisomy 21 with impaired control of EBV and DLBCL. She was cured with dose-adapted chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without severe treatment-related toxicity.

Transcriptional analysis distinguishes breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma from other peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a new provisional entity in the revised World Health Organization classification of lymphoid malignancies, the pathogenesis and cell of origin of which are still unknown. We performed gene expression profiling of microdissected breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma samples and compared their transcriptional profiles with those previously obtained from normal T-cells and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas and validated expression of selected markers by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that most breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas exhibit an activated CD4+ memory T-cell phenotype, which is associated with CD25 and FoxP3 expression.