[Campylobacter: a vintage pathogen to the fore].

Campylobacteriosis is caused by Gram bacteria. Most common species are C. jejuni and C.

Migration patterns of HIV-1 subtype B virus in Northern Italy.

Gene flow analysis is used to identify the migration patterns of viruses within a geographical area and /or in different populations. 883 HIV-1 B subtype pol gene sequences were analyzed. The gene analysis among different geographical areas of the Bergamo district and from different transmission risk groups showed 25% of the observed gene flow was from people living in the north valleys to lowland and 40.

Ultrasensitive assessment of residual low-level HIV viremia in HAART-treated patients and risk of virological failure.

Background: Low-level viremia (LLV) is measurable, with enhanced assays, in many subjects with HIV RNA levels <50 copies per milliliter. The clinical consequences of LLV are unknown.

Methods: In a prospective study in HIV-1-infected adults, HIV RNA levels were determined with an ultrasensitive test (3 copies/mL) based on a real time polymerase chain reaction.

Incidence of candidaemia and relationship with fluconazole use in an intensive care unit.

Objectives: Candida spp. are the most important non-bacterial pathogens in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in the incidence of candidaemia and the distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans over a 9 year period (1999-2007), and to assess their relationship with fluconazole use.