Extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as therapeutic option for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

With the rising number of patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, the treatment of this therapy's complications is of growing concern to intensivists and neurologists. We used extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as an add-on therapy in a patient suffering from immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Interleukin-6 level, which as a readily available parameter is generally used to evaluate course of disease, was rapidly reduced using this method.

Prognostic Relevance of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Expression and Signaling in Glioblastoma, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype.

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has been recognized as a major factor in promoting the aggressive behavior of glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype. However, there is little knowledge about the expression of TGF-β receptors in glioblastoma. Here, we studied the expression patterns of TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII), type I receptors activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-5, and ALK-1, as well as of the transcriptional regulators inhibitor of differentiation (Id) 2, Id3, and Id4 in human glioblastoma.