Earth Observation Data to Support Environmental Justice: Linking Non-Permitted Poultry Operations to Social Vulnerability Indices.

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) apply massive amounts of untreated waste to nearby farmlands, with severe environmental health impacts of swine CAFOs and proximity to disadvantaged communities well documented in some US regions. Most studies documenting the impacts of CAFOs rely almost exclusively on CAFO locations known from incomplete public records. Poultry CAFOs generate dry waste and operate without federal permits; thus, their environmental justice (EJ) impacts are undocumented.

The Pocosin's Lesson: Translating respect for Indigenous knowledge systems in environmental research.

Indigenous peoples living in what is now coastal North Carolina gave the name pocosin to a unique type of nonriparian wetland endemic to the region. Their Algonquian dialects are poorly documented in colonial records and have been dormant for centuries; not even contemporary Indigenous peoples in the region speak these particular languages. But for decades, environmental researchers and practitioners have asserted in publications, classrooms, and public-facing materials that pocosin literally translates to "swamp on a hill.

The attitudes of dental therapists, dental therapy educators and dental therapy students in the South of England towards domiciliary dentistry: a qualitative study.

Introduction Dental therapists (DTs) are members of the dental team with a wide scope of practice, who support the provision of dental care to patient groups including those with vulnerabilities. One such group are older patients who are often unable to attend general dental practices to access their dental care. A domiciliary or 'home visit' may be required to deliver this care in a non-clinical setting.

Comparing Literature- and Subreddit-Derived Laboratory Values in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Validation of Clinical Data Posted on PCOS Reddit Forums.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that affects 4% to 21% of people with ovaries. Inaccessibility or dissatisfaction with clinical treatment for PCOS has led to some individuals with the condition discussing their experiences in specialized web-based forums.

Objective: This study explores the feasibility of using such web-based forums for clinical research purposes by gathering and analyzing laboratory test results posted in an active PCOS forum, specifically the PCOS subreddit hosted on Reddit.

Maslow's hierarchy of need pyramid - a model for planning NHS dental services?

NHS dentistry is in crisis and many in the profession would agree that it needs a change to ensure future survival. This essay suggests a model based on the psychological hierarchy of needs pyramid to help focus and prioritise what could be the future shape of NHS dentistry to better serve the population as a whole.

Equity analysis audit of access and utilisation of Special Care Dental Services by ethnicity and social demographic markers.

Objective: To identify and investigate any differences in utilisation of the, Sussex Community NHSFT, Special Care Dental Service (SCDS) across multiple demographic factors, including ethnicity, socio-economic groups and age in the Crawley area.

Method: Data were audited for all new patients seen at the Crawley Special Care Dental Centre from November 2020-October 2021. Demographic data were compared to population data from the 2011 Census.

Riparian buffers increase future baseflow and reduce peakflows in a developing watershed.

Land conversion and climate change are stressing freshwater resources. Riparian areas, streamside vegetation/forest land, are critical for regulating hydrologic processes and riparian buffers are used as adaptive management strategies for mitigating land conversion effects. However, our ability to anticipate the efficacy of current and alternative riparian buffers under changing conditions remains limited.

A review of the hormones involved in the endocrine dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome and their interactions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 20% of women but remains poorly understood. It is a heterogeneous condition with many potential comorbidities. This review offers an overview of the dysregulation of the reproductive and metabolic systems associated with PCOS.

Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States.

Background: Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels.

Search for spp. Reveals High Prevalence and Pronounced Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in Floodwater Samples Associated with Hurricane Florence in North Carolina, USA.

In September 2018, Hurricane Florence caused extreme flooding in eastern North Carolina, USA, a region highly dense in concentrated animal production, especially swine and poultry. In this study, floodwater samples ( = 96) were collected as promptly post-hurricane as possible and for up to approximately 30 days and selectively enriched for using Bolton broth enrichment and isolation on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) microaerobically at 42°C. Only one sample yielded , which was found to be with the novel sequence type 2866 (ST-2866).

In vitro growth of is affected by butyl acetate, a compound produced during the co-culture of sp. and .

The co-culture of plant beneficial microbes to stimulate the production of antimicrobial metabolites is gaining ground. Here, the inactivated mycelium was used to induce the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds in the co-culture systems of sp. and .

Neurohormonal modulation as therapeutic avenue for right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary artery hypertension: till the dawn, waiting.

Neuro-hormonal activation may lead to or be associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular dysfunction. Notwithstanding whether it is the cause or the consequence of PAH-related right ventricle (RV) dysfunction neurohormonal activation contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with PAH and the progression of RV dysfunction. Experimental data regarding the use of beta adrenergic blockade and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system modulation are encouraging.

Assessment of hydrologic vulnerability to urbanization and climate change in a rapidly changing watershed in the Southeast U.S.

This study assessed the combined effects of increased urbanization and climate change on streamflow in the Yadkin-Pee Dee watershed (North Carolina, USA) and focused on the conversion from forest to urban land use, the primary land use transition occurring in the watershed. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate future (2050-2070) streamflow and baseflow for four combined climate and land use scenarios across the Yadkin-Pee Dee River watershed and three subwatersheds. The combined scenarios pair land use change and climate change scenarios together.

Terra incognita: The unknown risks to environmental quality posed by the spatial distribution and abundance of concentrated animal feeding operations.

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) pose wide ranging environmental risks to many parts of the US and across the globe, but datasets for CAFO risk assessments are not readily available. Within the United States, some of the greatest concentrations of CAFOs occur in North Carolina. It is also one of the only states with publicly accessible location data for classes of CAFOs that are required to obtain water quality permits from the U.

A study of oral health prevention behaviours for patients with early stage dementia.

Background Thorough dental prevention provided at the diagnosis of early stage dementia may be able to reduce the risk of dental disease before the associated cognitive decline takes hold.Method A questionnaire was used to see how many patients with a recent diagnosis of dementia were registered with a dentist and if they were accessing preventative dental care. The questionnaire was administered to patients attending Memory Assessment Services (MAS), approximately ten weeks after initial diagnosis.

A study of special care dental patient preference toward choice of mask and visor use by dental clinicians.

Background: Do patients have a preference for the clinician's choice of face protection (visor or mask), and can this make a difference to the patient's feelings of anxiety?

Method: In a normative sample (n = 72) of patients from Special Care Dentistry, different combinations of face protection were studied to see whether the patients clearly preferred one type over another, and whether that was related to the levels of anxiety they suffered, based on the modified dental anxiety scale.

Results: The majority of patients, 68% had the visor only as their first choice of face protection. This was followed by 22% having the mask only as their first choice and 10% having the visor and mask combination as their first choice.

Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of a Brief Telephone Support Intervention on Initial Attendance at Physiotherapy Group Sessions for Pelvic Floor Problems.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a brief telephone call to patients on a waiting list for physiotherapy treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction on initial attendance.

Design: Three-armed randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Outpatient physiotherapy clinic at a hospital.

Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed.

Land application of municipal wastewater to managed forests is an important treatment and water reuse technology used globally, but the hydrological processes of these systems are not well characterized for temperate areas with annual rainfall of 1200 mm or greater. This study evaluated the impact of municipal wastewater irrigation to the local water balance at a 3000-ha land application facility where secondary-treated wastewater is land applied to a mixed hardwood-pine forest over 900 ha. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), chloride concentrations, and specific conductance were used in combination with hydrometric measurements to estimate the wastewater composition in groundwater, surface water, and at the watershed outlet during dry and wet seasonal periods and during one large rainfall event.

Hydro-Climatological Influences on Long-Term Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Mountain Stream of the Southeastern United States.

In the past decade, significant increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been reported for large aquatic ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere and have been attributed variously to global warming, altered hydrologic conditions, and atmospheric deposition, among other factors. We analyzed a 25-yr DOC record (1988-2012) available for a forested headwater stream in the United States and documented two distinct regimes of stream DOC trends. From 1988 to 2001, annual mean volume-weighted DOC concentration (DOC, mg L) and annual DOC flux (kg ha yr) declined by 34 and 56%, respectively.

Inclusion bodies enriched for p62 and polyubiquitinated proteins in macrophages protect against atherosclerosis.

Autophagy is a catabolic cellular mechanism that degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is enhanced in mice with macrophages deficient for the critical autophagy protein ATG5. We showed that exposure of macrophages to lipids that promote atherosclerosis increased the abundance of the autophagy chaperone p62 and that p62 colocalized with polyubiquitinated proteins in cytoplasmic inclusions, which are characterized by insoluble protein aggregates.

Landscape position influences microbial composition and function via redistribution of soil water across a watershed.

Subalpine forest ecosystems influence global carbon cycling. However, little is known about the compositions of their soil microbial communities and how these may vary with soil environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to characterize the soil microbial communities in a subalpine forest watershed in central Montana (Stringer Creek Watershed within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest) and to investigate their relationships with environmental conditions and soil carbonaceous gases.

Induction of lysosomal biogenesis in atherosclerotic macrophages can rescue lipid-induced lysosomal dysfunction and downstream sequelae.

Objective: Recent reports of a proatherogenic phenotype in mice with macrophage-specific autophagy deficiency have renewed interest in the role of the autophagy-lysosomal system in atherosclerosis. Lysosomes have the unique ability to process both exogenous material, including lipids and autophagy-derived cargo such as dysfunctional proteins/organelles. We aimed to understand the effects of an atherogenic lipid environment on macrophage lysosomes and to evaluate novel ways to modulate this system.