Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review.

Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds.

Activation of murine macrophages by membrane proteins from Tritrichomonas foetus grown on iron- and calcium-rich conditions.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes a venereal disease in cattle limiting reproduction by abortions and sterility. The immune response against this parasite is poorly understood. Since the iron and calcium ions are important regulators of the microenvironment of the urogenital tract in cattle, we decided to evaluate the role of these divalent cations on the antigenicity of membrane proteins of T.

Exposure of Tritrichomonas foetus to sublethal doses of metronidazole induces a specific proinflammatory response in murine macrophages.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated parasite that primarily infects the reproductive tissues of livestock, causing bovine trichomoniasis. The cytoplasmic membrane of T. foetus contains various compounds that contribute to adherence, colonization, and pathogenicity.

Activation of Macrophages by an MHC Class II-restricted TvZIP8-derived Synthetic Peptide.

Background: Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory response towards pathogens and their effector functions depend on the mode of activation which is mediated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as peptides. provokes an inflammatory response in the host in which macrophages are the first line of defense. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a specific peptide derived from the transporter TvZIP8 of on the activation of macrophages.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of an ethanol extract from Senna septemtrionalis.

Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.