Sole and co-exposure toxicity of commercial formulations ethoprophos and bispyribac-sodium to Oreochromis niloticus: Assessment of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and gill ultrastructure.

Aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to multiple hazardous chemicals that can be released into water bodies. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentration (1/50 96 h-LC) of two formulated pesticides: ethoprophos, bispyribac-sodium, and their combination for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks on oxidative stress, genotoxic response, and gill morphology in Nile tilapia. This study is the first to demonstrate the toxic effects of ethoprophos and bispyribac-sodium mixture on the commercial important species, Oreochromis niloticus.

Testicular deficiency associated with exposure to cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos in adult rats.

The testicular deficiency associated with exposure to three widely used insecticides in Egyptian agriculture was evaluated. Animals were orally treated with sub-lethal dose (1/50 of the oral LD) of cypermethrin (CYP), imidacloprid (IMC), and chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 5, 9 and 1.9 mg/kg/day, respectively, five times a week for one month.

Preparation of antibodies and development of an enzyme immunoassay for determination of atrazine in environmental samples.

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed and optimized for atrazine determination in soil at different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) before and after 48 h of application, corn shoot and cow milk samples collected from Dina farm, Egypt. This assay was based on a specific polyclonal antibodies (PAb) raised by immunizing New Zealand rabbits with an immunogen prepared by coupling 3-{4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl} thiopropanoic acid to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) active ester method. The sensitivity (estimated as IC₅₀ value) was 17.