The effect of lopinavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir loaded PLGA nanoparticles on experimental toxoplasmosis.

A marked reduction has been achieved in the incidence and clinical course of toxoplasmic encephalitis after the introduction of protease inhibitors within the treatment regimen of HIV (HIV-PIs). This work was undertaken to study for the first time, the efficacy of HIV-PIs, lopinavir/ritonavir (L/R), as a therapeutic agent in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. Lopinavir/ritonavir (L/R) were used in the same ratio present in aluvia, a known HIV-PIs drug used in the developing countries in the treatment regimens of AID's patient.

The effect of chitosan nanospheres on the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine in mice.

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease, is a huge challenge for which there is no effective vaccine up till now. In this study, chitosan nanospheres encapsulated with Toxoplasma lysate vaccine was evaluated for its ability to protect mice against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis models of infection. Results showed that chitosan nanospheres were equally effective to Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) in enhancing the efficacy of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine.

Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection among immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans in Egypt.

Background: Encephalitozoon cuniculi infects a wide range of homoeothermic animals, including man. Complications due to this microsporidian have been reported only in immunocompromised patients. Reports on E.

Genotypic discrimination between a Leishmania isolate and two Leishmania major reference strains using PCR-RFLP technique.

The restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of 18S rDNA amplified fragments, was conducted to recognize between an unidentified Leishmania isolated from Egyptian patient infected in Saudi Arabia and two L. major reference strains causing cutaneous lesions. The strains were maintained both in vivo & in vitro.

Recognition of antigenic components of Fasciola gigantica and their use in immunodiagnosis.

Antigenicity of the tegumental extract, excretory-secretory products and the whole somatic extract of Fasciola gigantica were evaluated to detect the most sensitive and specific antigen out of them that could be used as an immuno-diagnostic tool. Scanning electron microscopic study was carried out to have a full picture about the tegumental structure. The immunohistochemical staining technique was done using the indirect immunoperoxidase method on F.