Electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A national study, 2022.

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased globally among adolescents. However, data on its use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia remain limited. Therefore, this study describes the characteristics and factors associated with e-cigarette use in this population.

Factors associated with tobacco use among Saudi Arabian youth: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Introduction: The epidemic of tobacco use poses one of the most severe public health challenges globally, responsible for over 8 million deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This study investigates the factors associated with tobacco use among Saudi Arabian youth using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework.

Methods: A cross-sectional study used the 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to assess tobacco use among 5610 Saudi students aged 13-15 years.

Medical students and house officers' perception, attitude and potential barriers towards artificial intelligence in Egypt, cross sectional survey.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the sectors of medical research that is expanding the fastest right now in healthcare. AI has rapidly advanced in the field of medicine, helping to treat a variety of illnesses and reducing the number of diagnostic and follow-up errors.

Objective: This study aims to assess the perception and attitude towards artificial intelligence (AI) among medical students & house officers in Egypt.

Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Egypt: Pathological Characters, Patterns of Care, and Survival Compared to Average-Age Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is a rising health problem. The incidence of EOCRC has increased over the past 2 decades all over the world. Reports from Egypt since the 1990s have reported a higher incidence among young populations with no identifiable risk factors.

Management of Incidental Uncontrolled Elevation of Intraoperative Blood Pressure: A Comparative Study on Nitroglycerine Versus Dexmedetomidine Infusion.

Background: Uncontrolled elevation of intraoperative blood pressure can result in deleterious effects with increased risk of morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: We aimed to compare nitroglycerine infusion with dexmedetomidine infusion in controlling accidental intraoperative uncontrolled hypertension.

Methods: This comparative study was conducted on 73 hypertensive patients undergoing cancer surgeries who experienced uncontrolled intraoperative hypertension.

Exploration of the nutrition knowledge among general population: multi-national study in Arab countries.

Background: Knowing what to eat and realizing the significance of healthful eating habits are among the important steps to promoting eating behavior. The current study aims to assess the nutrition knowledge (NK) among a convenient sample in four different countries, determine the association between different demographic factors and NK, and investigate the need for future interventions on nutrition in the four selected countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional multi-national survey study among a convenient sample of 8,191 subjects from Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan who undertook surveys between January 2019 and January 2020.

Prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with caffeine-withdrawal headache during the first day of Ramadan.

Background: Data regarding prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with caffeine-withdrawal headache are lacking. This work aimed to study the prevalence of caffeine-withdrawal headache among caffeine consumers during Ramadan's first day and describe its characteristics and associated factors.

Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study targeted 755 caffeine consumers eligible to fast on the first day of Ramadan.

Efficacy and safety of combined fractional ablative CO laser and 5 fluorouracil in the treatment of acral vitiligo: An open, uncontrolled study.

Background: Acral lesions of vitiligo are most likely recalcitrant to the known lines of treatment. Ablative fractional CO has shown efficacy in treatment of vitiligo in combination with other modalities.

Methods: Thirty non-segmental vitiligo patients with acral lesion were included in the study.

Violence and sociodemographic related factors among a sample of Egyptian women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Violence against women is a worldwide problem that affects different social and economic classes, and this violence has almost increased with pandemics as the COVID-19 pandemic. The present survey aimed to assess the prevalence of violence against women in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the relationship between sociodemographic factors and violence exposure. A total of 509 women were recruited using a self-completion e-form questionnaire.

Clinical and epidemiologic features of psoriasis patients in an Egyptian medical center.

Background: Identification of epidemiologic and phenotypic variations of psoriasis among different ethnic groups can further our understanding of this perplexing disease, aiming at better management of patients worldwide.

Objective: To provide a descriptive analysis of psoriasis patients registered at Kasr Al-Ainy Psoriasis Unit Disease Registry.

Methods: This retrospective single-center registry study included patient records between November 2015 and November 2018 (2534 patients).

Downregulation of interleukin 36γ and its cleaver cathepsin G following treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis vulgaris.

Background: Growing evidence suggests the important role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Cathepsin G is a neutrophil-derived protease that can activate IL-36γ.

Objective: To assess the expression of IL-36γ and cathepsin G in psoriasis and to quantify the impact of treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB-UVB) on their levels.

JAK1 rs310241 and JAK3 rs3008 Genotypes May Increase Susceptibility to Psoriasis: A Case Control Study.

Background: Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in a variety of tissues. Several JAK-controlled cytokine receptor pathways are incriminated in the initiation and progression of psoriasis. Genetic polymorphisms influencing JAK expression would be anticipated to have a great impact on disease activity.

Capecitabine-Based Chemoendocrine Combination as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Hormone-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Phase 2 Study.

Background: Preclinical studies have suggested a synergistic effect of tamoxifen and capecitabine in estrogen receptor-positive cell lines. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of first-line chemoendocrine treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Biochemical assessment was performed of serum levels of thymidine phosphorylase enzyme (TP), serum tamoxifen, hydroxytamoxifen, and 5-fluorouracil in relationship to efficacy.

Circulating miR-26a, miR-106b, miR-107 and miR-133b stratify hepatocellular carcinoma patients according to their response to transarterial chemoembolization.

Background: A number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have developed resistance against transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a panel of microRNAs (miRs) biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in HCC patients after TACE treatment.

Methods: The expression level of twenty miRs was evaluated in FFPE tissues collected from 33 HCC patients.

Impact of Global DNA Methylation in Treatment Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Global DNA methylation has an impact in cancer pathogenesis and progression. This study aimed at investigating the impact of global DNA methylation in treatment outcome of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Global DNA methylation was measured by LC/MS/MS in peripheral blood leucocytes of 102, 48, and 32 Egyptian CRC patients at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of Fluoropyrimidine (FP) therapy respectively, in addition to 32 normal healthy matched in age and sex.

Serum microRNA panels as potential biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma on top of HCV infection.

The identification of new high-sensitivity and high-specificity markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential. We aimed at identifying serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for early detection of HCC on top hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated serum expression of 13 miRNAs in 384 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease (192 with HCC, 96 with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 96 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)) in addition to 96 healthy participants enrolled as a control group.

Psychiatric disorders among a sample of internally displaced persons in South Darfur.

Background: The violent armed conflict in Darfur has been ongoing for years getting the attention of human rights activists and mental health professionals.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric disorders in a sample of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Darfur.

Method: A cross-sectional observational study, as a part of the 'Darfur Campaign' organized by Arab Federation of Psychiatrists, assessing psychiatric disorders in a sample of internally displaced women using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) (clinical version).

Survival analysis after diagnosis with malignancy of Egyptian adolescent patients: a single-center experience.

Background: Adolescents with malignancy represent a unique population in oncology, receiving care in pediatric or adult oncology institutions. Previously, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) had good survival rates; yet in the last few decades, AYAs have shown inferior survival rates compared with children due to the increasingly reported AYA-specific malignancies with poor survival rates. This study evaluates the clinicoepidemiological aspects of adolescent cancer diagnosed in a Pediatric Oncology Unit over a 10-year period, the associated risk factors, and the survival rate.

Disease progression from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with increasing DNA promoter methylation.

Background: Changes in DNA methylation patterns are believed to be early events in hepatocarcinogenesis. A better understanding of methylation states and how they correlate with disease progression will aid in finding potential strategies for early detection of HCC. The aim of our study was to analyze the methylation frequency of tumor suppressor genes, P14, P15, and P73, and a mismatch repair gene (O6MGMT) in HCV related chronic liver disease and HCC to identify candidate epigenetic biomarkers for HCC prediction.

Cochleopathy in Egyptian adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is recognized as the most common clinical picture of nervous system disorders caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Although peripheral and autonomic nervous system involvements are frequently encountered, data about the incidence of central diabetic neuropathies is limited.

Objective: Our study aimed to detect early asymptomatic auditory impairment whether at the level of outer hair cells (OHCs), inner hair cells (IHCs) and or olivo-cochlear bundle and the relationship between these abnormalities and other variables such as diabetes duration, degree of the metabolic control, or presence of microvascular complications.