Gentamicin in Neonates with Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

Background: Gentamicin has been shown to cause vasodilation in preclinical studies. Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is a commonly observed congenital heart disorder in preterm neonates. Concomitant gentamicin theoretically shall delay the closure/result in nonclosure of ductus arteriosus (DA).

Is fat-free mass-based gentamicin dosing regimen preferable than whole-body weight in neonates?

Importance: Body fluid dynamics and renal maturation status vary during the neonatal period. We hypothesized that differences in peak and trough gentamicin concentrations could be expected.

Objective: To predict the peak and trough gentamicin concentrations in critically ill neonates and to predict the changes in the predicted peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin following fat-free mass dosing.

Evaluation of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving External Surfactant.

Background: Preterm neonates, particularly extremely preterm, are susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidant enzymes influence the balance between antioxidant and oxidative stress molecules.

Objectives: To ascertain the role of SNPs of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in preterm neonates with RDS.

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of acetaminophen in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: Pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous acetaminophen has not been assessed in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Moreover, there is a lack of data evaluating the association between PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of acetaminophen in hemodynamically significant PDA. Hence, we performed a population PK-PD modeling of acetaminophen in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant PDA.

Evaluation of urinary acetaminophen metabolites and its association with the genetic polymorphisms of the metabolising enzymes, and serum acetaminophen concentrations in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus.

Acetaminophen is gaining importance as a first-line drug for treating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates. Predominant metabolites of acetaminophen in preterm neonates vary from that of adults; and the drug is predominantly metabolised by conjugation and partly by Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.We carried out the present study to identify the principal urine metabolites of acetaminophen (glucuronide/sulphate) in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant PDA receiving intravenous acetaminophen, and to evaluate the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the key CYP enzymes (, , , , , , and ) and their effect on urinary metabolites and serum acetaminophen concentrations.

Off-label drug use and the risk of medication errors in critically ill neonates: A conceptual pilot study.

Background: Off-label drug (OLD) use is common in neonates.

Objective: There is a dearth of information associating the OLD use and the risk of medication errors in critically ill neonates. Hence, the present study was carried out.

Intravenous acetaminophen (at 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours) in critically ill preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A prospective study.

What Is Known And Objectives: Acetaminophen has been increasingly used in treating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. Variations were observed in the dosing regimen of acetaminophen across the studies. There is hardly any data available for a relatively higher dose of intravenous acetaminophen (15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours) in the preterm population.

Drug utilisation in adult, paediatric and neonatal intensive care units, with an emphasis on systemic antimicrobials.

Introduction: Critically ill adults, children and neonates receive drugs that are often administered parenterally and in infusions. Considering patient illness severity, empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobials are commonly used. We conducted the present study to evaluate the drug use in this population, with a special focus on antimicrobials.

Possible effects of excipients used in the parenteral drugs administered in critically ill adults, children, and neonates.

Background: Critically ill patients receiving parenteral drugs are at an increased risk of exposure to various excipients administered simultaneously and at increased amounts. Hence, we carried out the present study.

Research Design And Methods: Patients admitted in the adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units were recruited following their consent.