Effects of health literacy on type 2 diabetic patients' glycemic control, self-management, and quality of life.

Objectives: To examine the pathway in which health literacy affects diabetic patients' quality of life (QoL) with self-care management skills and glycemic control levels (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) mediating the relationship.

Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out between April 2019 and September 2019. A convenience sample of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from 3 primary healthcare centers, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Effects of chronic pain on sleep quality and depression: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To examined the impacts of chronic pain on depression and poor sleep quality dimensions as well as the mediating function of poor sleep quality in the pathway between chronic pain and depression.

Methods: Between March 2019 and February 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study on 233 chronic pain patients in 2 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results: Of the 233 patients, 36% had depression, while 66.