Therapeutical Usefulness of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Aggressive or Metastatic Pituitary Tumours.

Therapeutic options for pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) refractory to temozolomide are scarce. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly inhibitors of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway and its ligand (PD-L1), have been experimentally used in aggressive or metastatic PitNETs. We aimed to study the therapeutic usefulness of anti-PD-1 drugs in patients with aggressive or metastatic PitNETs.

The Role of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Pituitary Tumours: Lessons from the Current Literature.

Background: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression predict the biological behaviour, aggressiveness, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in different cancers. We reviewed the published data on PD-L1 expression in pituitary tumours from the perspective of its biological role and prognostic usefulness.

Summary: A literature review focused on PD-L1 expression in pituitary tumours was performed.

[Autoimmune thyroid disease: a case report].

Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common cause of subclinical thyroid dysfunction (hypo and hyperthyroidism) in the western countries. Autoimmune thyroid diseases with clinical relevance (Graves' disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism) are common and can present with a large clinical and laboratorial spectrum. Hypo and hyperthyroidism can exist in the same patient, on different times.