Neurons derived from individual early Alzheimer's disease patients reflect their clinical vulnerability.

Establishing preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease that predict clinical outcomes remains a critically important, yet to date not fully realized, goal. Models derived from human cells offer considerable advantages over non-human models, including the potential to reflect some of the inter-individual differences that are apparent in patients. Here we report an approach using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons from people with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease where we sought a match between individual disease characteristics in the cells with analogous characteristics in the people from whom they were derived.

Learning Through a Pandemic: Youth Experiences With Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective of this paper was to examine the school-related experiences of youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants represented both clinical and community youth aged 14 to 28 who were sampled as part of a larger study. Feedback from youth attending school during the pandemic was qualitatively examined and youth who planned to attend school prior to the pandemic and did ( = 246) and youth who planned to attend but did not ( = 28) were compared quantitatively.

Intervention outcome preferences for youth who are out of work and out of school: a qualitative study.

Background: While interventions have been developed and tested to help youth who have become disconnected from work and school, there is a paucity of research on young people's intervention preferences. This study aims to understand young people's preferred intervention outcomes and approaches for youth who are out of work and school.

Methods: Thirty youth participated in virtual focus groups.

Youth Perspectives on Integrated Youth Services: A Discrete Choice Conjoint Experiment.

Objective: Integrated youth services (IYS) are an emerging model of care offering a broad range of mental health and social services for youth in one location. This study aimed to determine the IYS service characteristics most important to youth, as well as to determine whether different classes of youth have different service preferences, and if so, what defines these classes.

Methods: Ontario youth aged 14-29 years with mental health challenges were recruited to participate in a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health among youth with physical health challenges.

Aim: To examine mental health in conjunction with physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic among youth with physical health conditions compared to those without.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 622 youth aged 14 to 28 was conducted. Analyses were conducted to understand the changes in mental and physical health among youth in four groups: (a) participants with a friend or family member diagnosed with COVID-19, (b) participants with symptoms associated with COVID-19, (c) participants with atopic conditions (asthma and allergies), and (d) participants with other preexisting physical health conditions.

Youth-oriented outcomes of education, employment and training interventions for upcoming youth: Protocol for a discrete choice experiment.

Aim: The issue of youth who are not engaged in education, employment or training has been a focus of policymakers for decades. Although interventions exist for these youth, they often measure success in ways that fail to capture what youth seek to gain. The project aims to address this gap by assessing youth-oriented outcomes for interventions targeting upcoming youth.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being: A Rapid Survey of Clinical and Community Samples: Répercussions de la COVID-19 sur la santé mentale, l'utilisation de substances et le bien-être des adolescents : un sondage rapide d'échantillons cliniques et communautaires.

Objectives: The current novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a time-sensitive opportunity to rapidly enhance our knowledge about the impacts of public health crises on youth mental health, substance use, and well-being. This study examines youth mental health and substance use during the pandemic period.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 622 youth participants across existing clinical and community cohorts.

Evaluation of the appropriate use of a CIWA-Ar alcohol withdrawal protocol in the general hospital setting.

Background: The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment-Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar) is an assessment tool used to quantify alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) severity and inform benzodiazepine treatment for alcohol withdrawal.

Objectives: To evaluate the prescribing patterns and appropriate use of the CIWA-Ar protocol in a general hospital setting, as determined by the presence or absence of documented AWS risk factors, patients' ability to communicate, and provider awareness of the CIWA-Ar order.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included 118 encounters of hospitalized patients placed on a CIWA-Ar protocol during one year.

Understanding the Knowledge Gap Experienced by U.S. Safety Net Patients in Teleretinal Screening.

Safety-net patients' socioeconomic barriers interact with limited digital and health literacies to produce a "knowledge gap" that impacts the delivery of healthcare via telehealth technologies. Six focus groups (2 African- American and 4 Latino) were conducted with patients who received teleretinal screening in a U.S.

Plaque Size Is Decreased but M1 Macrophage Polarization and Rupture Related Metalloproteinase Expression Are Maintained after Deleting T-Bet in ApoE Null Mice.

Background: Thelper1 (Th1) lymphocytes have been previously implicated in atherosclerotic plaque growth but their role in plaque vulnerability to rupture is less clear. We investigated whether T-bet knockout that prevents Th1 lymphocyte differentiation modulates classical (M1) macrophage activation or production of matrix degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors, TIMPs.

Methods & Results: We studied the effect of T-bet deletion in apolipoproteinE (ApoE) knockout mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) or normal chow diet (ND).

Classical and Alternative Activation and Metalloproteinase Expression Occurs in Foam Cell Macrophages in Male and Female ApoE Null Mice in the Absence of T and B Lymphocytes.

Background: Rupture of advanced atherosclerotic plaques accounts for most life-threatening myocardial infarctions. Classical (M1) and alternative (M2) macrophage activation could promote atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture by increasing production of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Lymphocyte-derived cytokines may be essential for generating M1 and M2 phenotypes in plaques, although this has not been rigorously tested until now.

Characterization of the differential response of endothelial cells exposed to normal and elevated laminar shear stress.

Most acute coronary events occur in the upstream region of stenotic atherosclerotic plaques that experience laminar shear stress (LSS) elevated above normal physiological levels. Many studies have described the atheroprotective effect on endothelial behavior of normal physiological LSS (approximately 15 dynes/cm(2)) compared to static or oscillatory shear stress (OSS), but it is unknown whether the levels of elevated shear stress imposed by a stenotic plaque would preserve, enhance or reverse this effect. Therefore we used transcriptomics and related functional analyses to compare human endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress of 15 (LSS15-normal) or 75 dynes/cm(2) (LSS75-elevated).

The importance of a travel history in the preoperative assessment of an elective surgical patient.

The authors present the case of a 43-year-old gentleman who was admitted for an elective surgical removal of an eroded gastric band. The patient reported no medical concerns and other than a mild anaemia of haemoglobin of 10.6, his preoperative assessment was non-significant.

Database filter: optoelectronic design and implementation.

The results of a successful demonstration of the selection module of an optoelectronic parallel-processing database filter is presented. The module utilizes 4 x 4 arrays of AND and XOR logic gates that respectively perform the functions of reducing the data fields and determining a match between the input data and a selection argument. The logic arrays were fabricated with InGaP/GaAs heterojunction phototransistors that drive vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's).

Hyperalimentation worksheet.

Parenteral hyperalimentation is an important means of nutritional support for critically ill patients. Calculating the amount of additives necessary for the appropriate compounding of hyperalimentations is a tedious process with many opportunities for error. A new computer program written in Pascal has been created to reduce pharmacy processing time.