Biomarkers of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, and the activity of lysosomal enzymes in the livers of rainbow trout ( Walbaum) vaccinated against yersiniosis before a challenge.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins and total antioxidant capacity), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase), that of lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) and changes in biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, de Ritis ratio, lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate and pyruvate levels and their ratio) in the liver tissue of fish that were vaccinated against enteric redmouth disease and challenged with its causative agent, the bacterium .

Material And Methods: The vaccine was administered orally to trout, some of which were challenged with 61 days later. For comparison, unvaccinated and unchallenged trout and unvaccinated and challenged trout were also evaluated.

Influence of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus and Co-Infection on a Non-Specific Immune System in Rainbow Trout ().

Background: The IPNV is one of the most common viral pathogens of rainbow trout (), while infections are widespread among bacterial agents. The current study aimed to determine the influence of IPNV and co-infection on a non-specific immune response.

Methods: Two experiments were conducted.

Effect of Different Routes of Vaccination against on Rearing Indicators and Survival after an Experimental Challenge of Pikeperch () in Controlled Rearing.

Bacterial diseases are a significant problem in the controlled rearing of fish. Furunculosis ( sp.), flavobacteriosis ( sp.

Applicability of Thyroxine Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging in Evaluations of Thyroid Function in Turtles.

Introduction: The thyroid and parathyroid glands play a major role in maintaining physiological homeostasis in all vertebrates. Reptiles have plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones far lower than mammals. Low levels of these hormones in reptiles impede thyroid hormone detection with assays designed for the higher levels of mammals.

Influence of nematode Anguillicoloides crassus infestation on the cellular and humoral innate immunity in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.).

Parasitic invasions are recognized as one of the primary factors responsible for decreasing populations of European eel. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of infestation with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus on the innate immunity in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Anguillicoloides crassus parasitizes the swim bladder of this fish.

Influence of deltamethrin on nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The influence of deltamethrin on the innate immunity in rainbow trout was examined. Fish were immersed in deltamethrin at doses of 1, 2, and 4 microg/L for 30 min. The results showed that deltamethrin at doses of 2 and 4 microg/L decreased phagocytic activity of spleen macrophages and proliferative response of pronephros lymphocytes at days 1, 2, and 5 after immersion.