Increased H2O2 level in exhaled breath condensate in primary breast cancer patients.

Purpose: This study was designed to assess exhaled hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), blood serum antioxidant capacity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in primary breast cancer (PBC).

Methods: The study included 34 consecutive, non-smoking PBC patients (aged 62.5 +/- 13.

[Smell: the unappreciated human sense].

This report presents the role of the sense of smell in human life and the influence of scented compound structures on the smell sensation. The structure of the human sense of smell and the molecular mechanism underlying odor perception are also described. The molecular mechanisms by which olfactory stimuli are detected and transducer into electrical signals were long unclear.

Increased whole blood chemiluminescence in patients with chronic renal failure independent of hemodialysis treatment.

Introduction: The luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (LBCL) assay is a rapid assay for the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by circulating phagocytes. This study's aim was to determine if patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have altered LBCL and if dialysis itself affects ROS production in the blood.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six HD patients, 11 non-dialyzed patients with CRF, and 20 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were studied.

[Mitochondria as an source of reactive oxygen species].

Atmospheric oxygen molecules are reduced to water through four consecutive electron transfer reactions in mitochondria. As a consequence of these processes, various by-products (called reactive oxygen species, ROS), including superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen are released. Under physiological conditions, ROS are rapidly inactivated and do not induce disruption of cell function.