Teeth whitening versus the influence of extrinsic factors on teeth stains.

The improvement of teeth colour is the effect of using whitening toothpastes, professional removal of dental deposits, pulpless teeth and vital teeth whitening. The aim of the study was evaluation of various methods of teeth whitening in relation to sex and age of the investigated as well as the extrinsic factors causing teeth stains such as cigarette smoking, consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaire survey was conducted in the group of 204 patients, reporting for a dental treatment at the Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics of the Medical University of Lublin as well as private dental practice in Lublin.

Secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva in relation to the status of smoking.

Introduction: Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a dominant immunoglobulin in the saliva. It is the first line of defense against microorganisms.

Aim Of The Study: Analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva.

[Frequency of oral health examinations in the group of people aged 20-54 years considering the status of cigarette smoking].

Background: Regular examinations of oral health allow dentists clinical assessment of the state of dentition and oral soft tissues in patients, early diagnosis and treatment of the diagnosed disease entity, identification of risk factors of oral diseases as well as prophylaxis and pro-health education. Aim of the study was analysis of the frequency of oral health examination in the group of people in aged 20-54 with considering sociodemographic data and the status of cigarette smoking.

Materials And Methods: Sociomedical examinations were conducted in the group of 124 people in the age of 20-54.

[Oral hygiene in pregnant women versus cigarette smoking].

Proper oral hygiene is an essential element of dental caries prophylaxis and periodontitis. The aim of the study was evaluation of the oral health state and the state of periodontal in pregnant women in relation to the status of cigarette smoking. Survey and clinical studies were conducted in the group of 100 women--80% pregnant women and 20% in the first week of puerperium remaining at the gynaecological and obstetric hospital wards in Lublin and its region.

[Television and Internet as sources of women knowledge of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and energy drinks impact on health].

Introduction: Accessibility of the Internet allows obtaining information on different areas of life, including the impact of smoking, alcohol consumption and energy drinks on health. Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and active smoking are a serious risk for women's health, especially for women in reproductive age and children at any time in their lives. Alcohol is a risk factor for the development of general diseases, and consumed by pregnant women has a toxic effect on the body of women and a child in the prenatal period.

[Oral hygiene habits among tobacco-smoking and non-smoking students of the Medical University of Lublin--chosen aspects].

Among several etiologic factors for dental caries and periodontal diseases we can find dental plaque that forms on the teeth surfaces and prosthetic appliances. Elimination of dental plaque by proper oral hygiene procedures is crucial in caries and periodontal disease prevention. The aim of the study was evaluation of tobacco smoking prevalence among dental students of the Medical University of Lublin and the comparative analysis of oral hygiene habits among smoking and nonsmoking students.

[State of dentition and the index of dental decay treatment in smokers and non-smokers].

The aim of the study was evaluation of the state of dentition and the efficiency of dental decay treatment in smokers and non-smokers as well as defining whether dentists and family doctors inform their patients about the negative influence of tobacco smoking on their health state. The studies were conducted among 64 people, 35 men (54.69%) and 29 women (45.

Primary health care physicians' knowledge of prophylactics of drug abuse.

The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the assumptions of drug addiction prophylactics and its realization in the practice of primary health care physicians as well as determination of the possibilities of introducing changes in the training of physicians which would favour the increase and extension of knowledge in this field. The method applied in the study was a survey based on the questionnaire distributed among 410 primary health care physicians who attended up-dating courses on family medicine organized by the Institute of Rural Medicine in Lublin. The results were statistically analyzed with application of Excel Statistica Stargraf 6.