The 1 μg Synacthen stimulation test in the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with Rathke's cleft cyst and empty sella syndrome.

Introduction: Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) and primary empty sella syndrome (PESS) are usually incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In most cases, these lesions do not cause mass effect symptoms and do not require surgical intervention. In patients with RCC or PESS, it is important to exclude secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI), which may be a life-threatening condition.

Rare clinical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Objective: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare disorder characterized by tumors in various endocrine glands. It is caused by a mutation in the MEN1 gene. This gene encodes menin, a protein that regulates cell proliferation.

Thyroid diseases and fertility disorders - Guidelines of the Polish Society of Endocrinology [Choroby tarczycy a zaburzenia płodności - rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologicznego].

Thyroid hormones influence female fertility, directly stimulating oocyte maturation and regulating prolactin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Hyperthyroidism affects 1-2%, overt hypothyroidism 0.3%, and subclinical hypothyroidism up to 15% of women of childbearing age.

Endocrine Autoimmunity in Pregnancy.

Human gestation leads to a number of physiological alterations which peak at the development of placentta known for, among many other functions, being a transient but highly potent endocrine organ. Hormonal activity of placenta is marked by its ability to continuously produce and secrete high levels of progesterone. Progesterone guards the well-being of the fetoplacental unit throughout the gestation and one of the proposed mechanisms of this principle involves the development of local and systemic immune tolerance mainly due to impediment of CD4+ lymphocyte activation.

Thyroid diseases in pregnancy: guidelines of the Polish Society of Endocrinology [Choroby tarczycy w ciąży: zalecenia postępowania Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologicznego].

Appropriate care of pregnant women with coexisting thyroid dysfunction is still a subject of much controversy. In recent years, there has been a dynamic increase in the number of scientific reports on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases in women planning pregnancy, pregnant women, and women in the postpartum period. These mainly concern the management of hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and fertility disorders.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma during pregnancy.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Quality of Life and Sleep in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma in Relation to Tumor Type and Compression of the Optic Chiasm.

Objective: To determine the effect of transsphenoidal surgery on quality of life and sleep in patients with pituitary adenomas depending on tumor type and compression of the optic chiasm.

Methods: In this prospective study, patients with pituitary adenomas who were scheduled for transsphenoidal surgery completed the Short Form 36 Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale preoperatively and 7.5 (±1.

The electrophysiological tests in the early detection of the visual pathway dysfunction in patients with microadenoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of electrophysiological tests in the early diagnosis of a ganglion cells and/or optic nerve dysfunction in patients with pituitary microadenoma.

Methods: 66 eyes, from 33 patients with microadenoma with no evidence of the optic chiasm compression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the visual impairment in the routine ophthalmological examination, standard static perimetry (24-2 white on white) and optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT), were analysed. The pattern electroretinogram (PERG), standard pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) and multichannel visual evoked potentials (mVEPs) (ISCEV standards) were performed.

Therapeutic effect of presurgical treatment with longacting octreotide (Sandostatin® LAR®) in patients with acromegaly.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect and the safety of pre-surgical treatment with long-acting octreotide in patients with acromegaly.

Material And Methods: This project was conducted in 25 centres across Poland as a non-interventional, multicentre, observational study in patients with acromegaly, in which long-acting octreotide Sandostatin® LAR®) was administered before surgery. They were 148 patients included into the study: 88 females and 60 males aged 18-86 years (51.

Cushing's Syndrome in a Patient With Rathke's Cleft Cyst and ACTH Cell Hyperplasia Detected by C-Methionine PET Imaging-A Case Presentation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's Syndrome (CS) is most often caused by a pituitary adenoma. Although rarely, it can also result from pituitary corticotroph cell hyperplasia (CH). Reports on concomitant pituitary lesions including ACTH-producing adenomas and Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) have been published.

The Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Digestive Tract: Diagnosis, Treatment and Nutrition.

Nuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of rare neoplasms originating from dispersed neuroendocrine cells, mainly of the digestive and respiratory tract, showing characteristic histology and immunoprofile contributing to classification of NENs. Some NENs have the ability to produce biogenic amines and peptide hormones, which may be associated with clinical syndromes like, e.g.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome in a 39-year-old male patient with suspected acromegaly-A case study.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare genetic condition and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. The disease is caused by a change in the nucleotide sequence of an X-linked gene encoding glypican 3, a protein belonging to the heparan-sulfate membrane proteoglycan family. SGBS case studies are almost entirely restricted to the pediatric population.

Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours - a gastroenterologist's point of view.

Cystic pancreatic tumors are detected with increasing frequency and remain a clinical problem. Since they have different potential of malignancy the management and decision making process is a hard task. Guidelines, concerning pancreatic cystic tumors indicate the management with mucinous, serous cystic pancreatic neoplasms and solid pseudopappilary tumor, while the management with pancreatic cystic neuroendocrine tumors is not included into these standards.

Gastroduodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastrinoma - management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours).

This paper presents the updated Polish Neuroendocrine Tumour Network expert panel recommendations on the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the stomach and duodenum, including gastrinoma. The recommendations discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of these tumours as well as their diagnosis, including biochemical, histopathological, and localisation diagnoses. The principles of treatment are discussed, including endoscopic, surgical, pharmacological, and radionuclide treatments.

Frequency assessment of BRAF mutation, KRas mutation, and RASSF1A methylation in nodular goitre based on fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens Ocena częstości występowania mutacji genów BRAF, KRas oraz.

Introduction: Standard pre-operative diagnosis of nodular goitre is not always conclusive. The decision about nodular goitre surgery is increasingly based on molecular methods. The aim of the study was to determine BRAF T1799A mutation and KRas proto-oncogene mutation, and the analysis of RASSF1A promoter methylation level in cytological material obtained from FNAB specimens of thyroid nodules.

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea — diagnostic challenges, monitoring, and treatment.

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is associated with functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Causes of FHA can be classified into the three groups: 1) stress-related factors, 2) consequences of weight loss and/or underweight, and 3) consequences of physical exercise or practicing sports. Diagnosis of FHA should be based on a history of menstrual disorders.

Evaluaton of therapy with cabergoline in men with macroprolactinoa.

Introduction: Pituitary gland adenomas producing prolactin are one of the commonest hormonally active tumours. Pharmacological treatment using of dopamine receptors agonists is the therapy of choice in a case of prolactinoma. Bromocriptine, which causes numerous side-effects is the most commonly used drug.

[Legal aspects in pediatric and adolescent gynecology].

Childhood and adolescent gynecology is an emerging specialty at the intersection of pediatrics, pediatric endocrinology gynecology pediatric surgery dermatology psychiatry, public health medicine and genetics, and in fact addresses many legal issues. Poland lacks a uniform standing of medical and legal environments on how to deal with a juvenile patient who has become sexually active and seeks the advice of a gynecologist, gynecologic examination and requests to be prescribed contraceptives. It needs to be taken into account that in Poland a parent or a legal guardian has legal guardianship, custody and control of a child until 18 years of age but once a juvenile reaches the chronological age of 16 years, and is given full rights of a patient, both parties need to consent to medical care.

Case report: rare case of infiltration of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland of female patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL-B/SLL-B).

The article presents a case of 57-year-old woman with the infiltration of rare small lymphocytic B cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland. Initially, the patient was followed-up due to chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia diagnosed on the basis of histopathological examination of cervical lymph node. Eight months later, general symptoms occurred along with lymphocytosis and exacerbation of lesions in lymph nodes, and therefore, chemotherapy was started according to COP regimen.

Assessment of real-world usage of lanreotide AUTOGEL 120 in Polish acromegalic patients - results from the prospective 12-month phase of Lanro-Study.

Aim Of The Study: To assess resource utilization and costs of treatment with lanreotide AUTOGEL 120 mg (ATG120) administered as part of routine acromegaly care in Poland.

Material And Methods: A multicentre, non-interventional, observational study on resource utilization in Polish acromegalic patients treated with ATG120 at 4 weeks or extended (> 4 weeks) dosing interval. The study recruited adult acromegalic patients treated medically for ≥ 1 year including at least 3 injections of ATG120.

Association between genetic mutations and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha.

Background: Considerable progress was made by the introduction of interferon to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This treatment, however, is associated with the risk of developing or exacerbating autoimmune diseases, with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis being one of them. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predisposition to autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus during IFN-alpha therapy, depending on the presence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of CTLA-4C (-318)T gene and in exon 1 of A49G gene as well as C1858T transition of PTPN22 gene.

Late diagnosis of type 2B multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 2B) in a 23 year-old patient.

We present a case of MEN 2B diagnosed in a 23 year-old patient on the basis of bilateral pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. This young male patient also had multiple paragangliomas located along the spine, marfanoid features of body habitus and numerous mucosal neuromas of the oral cavity and intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. The patient was hospitalised several times between the ages of 11 and 14 due to heart rhythm disorders (tachycardia, multiple supraventricular beats) and pain in the precardiac area.