Engaging Emergency Nurses in Strategies to Address the Social Determinants of Health.

Introduction: For patients with social needs, emergency departments can be an essential bridge between the health care system and the community. Emergency nurses' knowledge of and engagement in this work need to be examined to ensure that efforts for social determinants of health screening and the resulting community connections are effective. However, there is limited research in this area of nursing practice.

Development of the Perception of Opioid Use Survey Instrument.

Background And Purpose: A new instrument was designed specifically to evaluate nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward patients who use opioids. This study team developed and tested the psychometric properties of the Perception of Opioid Use Survey (POUS) instrument.

Methods: The instrument was tested among 306 nurses at a 183 bed acute care community hospital, with psychometric evaluation for validity, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis.

Instrucciones de Alta por Video: Effectiveness of Video Discharge Instructions for Spanish-Speaking Caregivers in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Introduction: Although evidence supports the addition of video discharge instructions to improve caregiver knowledge among English-speaking caregivers of children in the pediatric emergency department, there is no evidence about the effectiveness of videos for Spanish-speaking caregivers. The purpose of this study was to test whether Spanish video discharge instructions added to standard written and oral discharge instructions would result in improved knowledge and satisfaction among caregivers compared with written and oral instructions alone.

Methods: Spanish videos were created for fever, gastroenteritis, and bronchiolitis.

Creating a Sensory-Friendly Pediatric Emergency Department.

Introduction: For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sensory-processing disorder (SPD), an unexpected visit to the emergency department can be an overwhelming experience that creates intensifying behaviors and an unsafe clinical interaction for the child, nurses, and providers. Although resources exist to help nurses work with this specialized group, there are limited examples of the challenges and opportunities of modifying an emergency department to be a place where nurses can provide sensory-informed care.

Methods: Guided by Watson's Theory of Caring, nurses and child life specialists in our pediatric emergency department initiated a practice improvement (PI) project to create a sensory-friendly emergency department.

Evidence-Based Practice: Video-Discharge Instructions in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Problem: While a high quality discharge from a Pediatric Emergency Department helps caregivers feel informed and prepared to care for their sick child at home, poor adherence to discharge instructions leads to unnecessary return visits, negative health outcomes, and decreased patient satisfaction. Nurses at the Inova Loudoun Pediatric ED utilized the Johns Hopkins Model of Evidence Based Practice to answer the following question: Among caregivers who have children discharged from the ED, does the addition of video discharge instructions (VDI) to standard written/verbal discharge instructions (SDI) result in improved knowledge about the child's diagnosis, treatment, illness duration, and when to seek further medical care?

Methods: A multidisciplinary team reviewed available evidence and created VDI for three common pediatric diagnoses: gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis, and fever. Knowledge assessments were collected before and after delivery of discharge instructions to caregivers for both the SDI and VDI groups.

Jamaican adolescent girls with older male sexual partners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between adolescent girls and older male sexual partners in urban Kingston, Jamaica, and identify the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related sexual risks that occur within these relationships.

Design: The study employed a descriptive qualitative design.

Methods: Data were collected through focus groups and individual interviews conducted with 43 late adolescent girls (18-21 years old).

Reconceptualizing adolescent sexual risk in a parent-based expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Purpose: To expand the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explicate the influence of parents on adolescent behaviors and describe its application to adolescent sexual risk behaviors.

Organizing Construct: Parents have repeatedly been shown to be among the most significant influences on adolescents' sexual risk-related attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. However, many of the leading theoretical frameworks for understanding HIV-related sexual risk behavior are individual-level models that do not include important influences outside the individual, such as parents and families.

Culture-specific factors contributing to HIV risk among Jamaican adolescents.

The purpose of this article is to describe the results from an elicitation research study addressing the multisystem-level factors that contribute to HIV risk among Jamaican adolescents. Focus group and survey data were determined from parents, adolescents, and teachers in Kingston, Jamaica, from 2004 and 2005. Guided by an ecological extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior, focus groups and survey questionnaires identified cultural factors at the individual, family, and societal levels that significantly influence Jamaican adolescents' behavioral, normative, and control beliefs related to sexual behaviors that contribute to risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.