Treatment Journey and Healthcare Resource Use Among Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Who Initiated Extended-Release Naltrexone: An Analysis of Veterans Affairs Data.

Background: The US Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense (VA/DoD) clinical guidelines recommend extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) as a treatment option for moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, contemporary real-world outcomes related to this guideline are lacking. This retrospective, observational, descriptive study examined treatment patterns and healthcare resource use (HCRU) among veterans with an AUD diagnosis who initiated XR-NTX.

Methods: Veterans with incident AUD who initiated XR-NTX between 8/2014 and 11/2018 were identified.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of ozanimod other oral DMTs in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a synthesis of matching-adjusted indirect comparisons.

Background: Several oral disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In the absence of head-to-head randomized data, matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs) can evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of ozanimod other oral DMTs in RRMS.

Objectives: To synthesize results from the published MAICs of ozanimod and other oral DMTs for 2-year outcomes in RRMS.

Real-World Treatment Patterns among Patients with Alopecia Areata in the USA: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hair loss, for which there are few treatment options. This claims-based study characterized recent real-world treatment patterns among patients in the USA with alopecia areata, including the subtypes alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis, in the first year after diagnosis of an episode of alopecia areata. Approximately 5% of all patients (adults (age ≥ 18 years), n = 7,703; adolescents (age 12-17 years), n = 595) had alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis.

Avatrombopag treatment response in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: the REAL-AVA 1.0 study.

Background: Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) are used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), a disorder characterized by prolonged low platelet counts (PCs) that pose a risk of serious bleeding episodes. Avatrombopag (AVA) is the most recently approved TPO-RA for the treatment of chronic ITP. A high proportion of patients responded to AVA in clinical trials, and treatment was well-tolerated; however, limited real-world effectiveness data have been reported to date.

Burden of Illness and Treatment Patterns Among Patients With von Willebrand Disease in US Clinical Practice.

In this retrospective cohort study, data from an integrated US healthcare system containing both electronic medical record data and linked claims data (from 01/2004 to 12/2020) were used to evaluate the clinical burden, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use (HRU) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD). Two patient cohorts were analyzed: the overall VWD population (n  =  396) and a subset of these patients (n  =  75) who were considered potentially eligible for prophylaxis treatment with von Willebrand factor (VWF) based on a history of severe and frequent bleeding. HRU (hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and emergency department visits) were measured in patients with linked claims data (n  =  110, overall VWD patients; n  =  23 potentially VWF-prophylaxis-eligible VWD patients).

Real-world outcomes associated with vonoprazan-based proton pump inhibitor-based therapy for infection in Japan.

Background: Japanese guidelines recommend triple therapy with vonoprazan or a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in combination with antibiotics to treat () infection. While studies have shown improved eradication rates and reduced costs with vonoprazan PPIs, there is little data describing healthcare resource use (HCRU) and treatment patterns.

Objectives: To compare patients treated with a vonoprazan-based or PPI-based regimen for infection in Japan in terms of their characteristics, HCRU, healthcare costs, clinical outcomes, and treatment patterns.

Cost Per Relapse Avoided for Ozanimod Versus Other Selected Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in the United States.

Introduction: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of ozanimod compared with commonly used disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods: Annualized relapse rate (ARR) and safety data were obtained from a network meta-analysis (NMA) of clinical trials of RRMS treatments including ozanimod, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, and glatiramer acetate. ARR-related number needed to treat (NNT) relative to placebo and annual total MS-related healthcare costs was used to estimate the incremental annual cost per relapse avoided with ozanimod vs each DMT.

Association of Serum Calcium and Phosphate With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Hypoparathyroidism.

The pathophysiological basis for the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism is poorly understood. To evaluate associations between levels of albumin-corrected serum calcium, serum phosphate, and calcium-phosphate product with the odds of developing cardiovascular events in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism with ≥1 calcitriol prescription, we conducted a retrospective nested case-control study of patients who developed a cardiovascular event and matched controls without an event. The primary outcome was the instance of cardiovascular events.

Trends in Prevalence and Incidence of Alopecia Areata, Alopecia Totalis, and Alopecia Universalis Among Adults and Children in a US Employer-Sponsored Insured Population.

Importance: Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by nonscarring hair loss of the scalp, face, and/or body. Alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) involve complete loss of the scalp and body hair, respectively. The epidemiology of AA in the US remains unclear, having previously been extrapolated from older studies that were limited to specific geographic areas or clinical settings, or from self-reported data.

Comparative efficacy and safety of ozanimod and ponesimod for relapsing multiple sclerosis: A matching-adjusted indirect comparison.

Background: Ozanimod and ponesimod are sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Five-Year Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism Treated with rhPTH(1-84): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease compared with the general population. This study evaluated changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a 5-year period in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with recombinant parathyroid hormone (1-84), rhPTH(1-84), compared with a historical control cohort of patients who did not receive rhPTH(1-84).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1-84) in the REPLACE (NCT00732615), RELAY (NCT01268098), RACE (NCT01297309), and HEXT (NCT01199614 and continuation study NCT02910466) clinical trials.

Healthcare Utilization and Costs Among US Adolescents With Alopecia Areata.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of hair loss affecting people of all ages. Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) involve scalp and total body hair loss, respectively. AA significantly affects quality of life, but evidence on the economic burden in adolescents is limited.

The risk of chronic kidney disease development in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1-84): A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study assessed the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a period of up to 5 years in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) (rhPTH[1-84]) compared with a historical control cohort of patients not treated with rhPTH(1-84).

Design: Retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1-84) derived from the REPLACE (NCT00732615), RELAY (NCT01268098), RACE (NCT01297309) and HEXT (NCT01199614, and its continuation study NCT02910466) clinical trials and a historical control cohort who did not receive PTH selected from an electronic medical record database.

Patients: One hundred and eighteen patients treated with rhPTH(1-84) and 497 patient controls.

Direct health care costs associated with COVID-19 in the United States.

Data on the real-world health care burden of COVID-19 in the United States are limited. To compare health care resource use (HRU), direct health care costs, and long-term COVID-19-related complications between patients with vs patients without COVID-19 diagnoses. Using IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits administrative claims databases (January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2021), this retrospective, matched cohort study compared patients with a recorded COVID-19 diagnosis to control subjects with no recorded diagnosis for COVID-19, personal history of COVID-19, or pneumonia due to COVID-19.

Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Adult Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism Treated with rhPTH(1-84): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the risk of developing cardiovascular conditions over a period of 5 years in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84), rhPTH(1-84), compared with a historical control cohort of patients not treated with rhPTH(1-84).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH(1-84) in the REPLACE (NCT00732615), RELAY (NCT01268098), and RACE (NCT01297309) clinical trials, and controls selected from the IBM Explorys electronic medical record database (January 2007-August 2019) who did not receive parathyroid hormone but who had enrollment criteria similar to those for the clinical trials.

All-cause health care resource utilization and costs among adults with alopecia areata: A retrospective claims database study in the United States.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hair loss. Patients may present with hair loss of the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, and/or body. Alopecia totalis (AT), total scalp hair loss, or alopecia universalis (AU), total body hair loss, are extensive forms.

The societal economic value of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States.

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people in the United States (US) and has been estimated to carry a societal cost of $16 trillion over the next decade. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines has had a profound effect on the trajectory of the pandemic, with wide-ranging benefits. We aimed to estimate the total societal economic value generated in the US from COVID-19 vaccines.

Real-world migraine-related healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with improved vs. worsened/stable migraine: a panel-based chart review in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.

Objective: To estimate the migraine-related healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs among patients with improved vs. worsened/stable migraine.

Methods: This was a follow-up to a retrospective, panel-based chart review conducted in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain among a panel of physicians (neurologists, headache specialists, and pain specialists) who agreed to participate in patient studies and had treated ≥10 migraine patients in 2017.

Risk of Cardiovascular Conditions in Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: In patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism disordered calcium homeostasis has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia; however, larger-scale studies are needed to examine these risks. This study evaluated the risk of cardiovascular conditions among patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Methods: Adults with and without chronic hypoparathyroidism were selected from a medical insurance claims database in the USA from January 2007 to June 2017, and were followed for up to 5 years.

Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline in Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Chronic hypoparathyroidism, treated with conventional therapy of oral calcium supplements and active vitamin D, may increase the risk of kidney complications. This study examined risks of development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using a managed care claims database in the United States from January 2007 to June 2017 included patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (excluding those receiving parathyroid hormone) and randomly selected patients without hypoparathyroidism followed for up to 5 years.

Cost-effectiveness of olaparib as a maintenance treatment for women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations in the United States.

Objective: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of olaparib monotherapy in the first-line maintenance setting vs. surveillance in women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation from a US third-party payer perspective.

Methods: A three-state (progression free, progressed disease, and death) partitioned survival model over a 50-year lifetime horizon was developed.

A Critical Appraisal and Recommendations for Cost-Effectiveness Studies of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women in the US. With poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors having shown promising results in ongoing trials, there is interest in better understanding their economic value.

Objective: This study aimed to review and evaluate the quality of published cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), and provide recommendations for CEAs in this setting.