Adverse effects of cystoscopy and its impact on patients' quality of life and sexual performance.

Background: Cystoscopy, the principal means of diagnosis and surveillance of bladder tumors, is invasive and associated with unpleasant side effects.

Objectives: To determine the early complications of rigid cystoscopy and the impact on patients' quality of life and sexual performance.

Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic rigid cystoscopy filled in questionnaires that included anxiety and pain levels (0-5 visual analogue scale), adverse events, Short-Form Health Survey, International Prostate Symptom Score, and functional sexual performance.