Digital mapping of resected cancer specimens: The visual pathology report.

Background: The current standard-of-care pathology report relies only on lengthy written text descriptions without a visual representation of the resected cancer specimen. This study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating virtual, three-dimensional (3D) visual pathology reports to improve communication of final pathology reporting.

Materials And Methods: Surgical specimens are 3D scanned and virtually mapped alongside the pathology team to replicate grossing.

Photosynthetic responses to temperature across the tropics: a meta-analytic approach.

Background And Aims: Tropical forests exchange more carbon dioxide (CO2) with the atmosphere than any other terrestrial biome. Yet, uncertainty in the projected carbon balance over the next century is roughly three-times greater for the tropics than other ecosystems. Our limited knowledge of tropical plant physiological responses, including photosynthetic, to climate change is a substantial source of uncertainty in our ability to forecast the global terrestrial carbon sink.

Horses with previous episodes of laminitis have altered insulin responses to seasonal oral sugar testing and grazing compared to horses with no known history of laminitis.

Forage is essential for equine health and performance, but intake of elevated pasture nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) may exacerbate metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the influence of laminitis history on metabolic and morphometric responses in grazing horses. Twelve non-pregnant mares (15 ± 3.

Visual pathology reports for communication of final margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Background: Positive margins are frequently observed in total laryngectomy (TL) specimens. Effective communication of margin sampling sites and final margin status between surgeons and pathologists is crucial. In this study, we evaluate the utility of multimedia visual pathology reports to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion of margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Visual pathology reports for improved collaboration at multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board.

Purpose: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TB) are the standard for discussing complex head and neck cancer cases. During TB, imaging and microscopic pathology is reviewed, but there is typically no visualization of the resected cancer.

Methods: A pilot study was conducted to investigate the utility of visual pathology reports at weekly TB for 10 consecutive weeks.

Augmented Reality-Guided Frozen Section Analysis: Bringing the Pathologist From the Laboratory to the Operating Room.

Due to the anatomic complexity of the head and neck and variable proximity between laboratory and operating room (OR), effective communication during frozen section analysis (FSA) between surgeons and pathologists is challenging. This proof-of-concept study investigates an augmented reality (AR) protocol that allows pathologists to virtually join the OR from the laboratory. Head and neck cancer specimens were scanned ex vivo using a 3-dimensional scanner and uploaded into an AR platform.

Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare: A Journey through History, Present Innovations, and Future Possibilities.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in healthcare significantly impacting practices from diagnostics to treatment delivery and patient management. This article examines the progress of AI in healthcare, starting from the field's inception in the 1960s to present-day innovative applications in areas such as precision medicine, robotic surgery, and drug development. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceleration of the use of AI in technologies such as telemedicine and chatbots to enhance accessibility and improve medical education is also explored.

Timing and Source of Recharge to the Columbia River Basalt Groundwater System in Northeastern Oregon.

Recharge to and flow within the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) groundwater flow system of northeastern Oregon were characterized using isotopic, gas, and age-tracer samples from wells completed in basalt, springs, and stream base flow. Most groundwater samples were late-Pleistocene to early-Holocene; median age of well samples was 11,100 years. The relation between mean groundwater age and completed well depth across the eastern portion of the study area was similar despite differences in precipitation, topographic position, incision, thickness of the sedimentary overburden, and CRBG geologic unit.

Impact of Virtual Reality Simulation on New Nurses' Assessment of Pediatric Respiratory Distress.

Background: Children often experience respiratory illnesses requiring bedside nurses skilled in recognizing respiratory decompensation. Historically, recognizing respiratory distress has relied on teaching during direct patient care. Virtual reality simulation may accelerate such recognition among novice nurses.

Assessing the feasibility of a multimodal liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: In this feasibility study, we explored the combined use of circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (ctHPVDNA) and HPV serology as diagnostic tests for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Methods: Among patients with research-banked serum or plasma at diagnosis, IgG antibodies to oncoproteins from HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 were detected with multiplex serology. Positivity for HPV 16 was defined based on detection of combinations of anti-E6, E1, E2, and E7 and for other high-risk types on detection of anti-E6 and anti-E7.

Molecular signature incorporating the immune microenvironment enhances thyroid cancer outcome prediction.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis has furthered our understanding of many tumors. Yet, thyroid cancer management is largely guided by staging and histology, with few molecular prognostic and treatment biomarkers. Here, we utilize a large cohort of 251 patients with 312 samples from two tertiary medical centers and perform DNA/RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplex immunofluorescence to identify biomarkers of aggressive thyroid malignancy.

Exploring Anki Usage Among First-Year Medical Students During an Anatomy & Physiology Course: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: As medical schools worldwide condense the preclinical phase of medical education, it is increasingly important to identify resources that help medical students retain and employ the medical information. One popular tool among medical students is an application called Anki, a free and open-source flashcard program utilizing spaced repetition for quick and durable memorization. The purpose of this study is to determine how variable Anki usage among first-year medical students throughout a standardized anatomy and physiology course correlates with performance.

Medical Students' Socioeconomic Status and Academic Performance in Medical School.

Background Students from lower socioeconomic groups tend to underestimate their chances of acceptance to medical school and their likelihood of success once admitted. Objective The objective of this study is to determine if socioeconomic disadvantage status is linked to lower medical college admission test (MCAT) scores and academic performance in medical school. Methods Using the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) education/occupation (EO) indicator, we compared economically disadvantaged students to students with no financial disadvantage on the MCAT, Phase 1 National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, Phase 2 NBME, and USMLE Step 2 test scores.

Use of nongynecologic cytologic-histologic correlation to identify patterns of error: An institutional experience.

Background: Quality management practices empower cytology laboratories to deliver consistent, high-quality patient care. Monitoring of key performance indicators is one way by which laboratories can identify patterns of error and focus their improvement activities. Cytologic-histologic correlation (CHC) identifies error by retrospectively reviewing cytology cases when discordant surgical pathology diagnoses are reported.

Patterns of Major Frozen Section Interpretation Error: An In-Depth Analysis From a Complex Academic Surgical Pathology Practice.

Objectives: To establish baseline error rates due to misinterpretation and to identify scenarios in which major errors were most common and potentially preventable.

Methods: Our database was queried over a 3-year period for major discrepancies due to misinterpretation. These were stratified by histomorphologic setting, service, availability/type of prior material, and years of experience and subspecialization of the interpreting pathologist.

The effect of the vertical gradients of photosynthetic parameters on the CO assimilation and transpiration of a Panamanian tropical forest.

Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) include the representation of vertical gradients in leaf traits associated with modeling photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance. However, model assumptions associated with these gradients have not been tested in complex tropical forest canopies. We compared TBM representation of the vertical gradients of key leaf traits with measurements made in a tropical forest in Panama and then quantified the impact of the observed gradients on simulated canopy-scale CO and water fluxes.

Sinonasal Adenosquamous Carcinoma - Morphology and Genetic Drivers Including Low- and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus mRNA, DEK::AFF2 Fusion, and MAML2 Rearrangement.

Background: Sinonasal adenosquamous carcinoma is rare, and there are almost no studies detailing morphology or characterizing their genetic driver events. Further, many authors have termed sinonasal tumors with combined squamous carcinoma and glands as mucoepidermoid carcinoma but none have analyzed for the presence of MAML2 rearrangement.

Methods: Cases from 2014 to 2020 were collected and diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria.

Leaves as bottlenecks: The contribution of tree leaves to hydraulic resistance within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.

Within vascular plants, the partitioning of hydraulic resistance along the soil-to-leaf continuum affects transpiration and its response to environmental conditions. In trees, the fractional contribution of leaf hydraulic resistance (R ) to total soil-to-leaf hydraulic resistance (R ), or fR (=R /R ), is thought to be large, but this has not been tested comprehensively. We compiled a multibiome data set of fR using new and previously published measurements of pressure differences within trees in situ.

Impact of High School Quality on Academic Performance Throughout Medical School.

Introduction: Numerous studies currently evaluate medical school success and performance using college Grade Point Average (GPA) and Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) scores. These studies demonstrate that students who score low on the MCAT will continually perform worse than their peers on medical school exams and board exams. We investigated where a student attended high school and how that factor can affect medical school performance because most studies evaluated performance based on college attendance.

Short-term variation in leaf-level water use efficiency in a tropical forest.

The representation of stomatal regulation of transpiration and CO assimilation is key to forecasting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. Given its importance in determining the relationship between forest productivity and climate, accurate and mechanistic model representation of the relationship between stomatal conductance (g ) and assimilation is crucial. We assess possible physiological and mechanistic controls on the estimation of the g (stomatal slope, inversely proportional to water use efficiency) and g (stomatal intercept) parameters, using diurnal gas exchange surveys and leaf-level response curves of six tropical broadleaf evergreen tree species.

Completeness of tuberculosis information system data from prisoners in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Tuberculosis (TB) has a high incidence in several countries and is even more severe in prisoners. We evaluated the completeness of prisoners TB notifications in the Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN) carried out by prison primary care teams (eAPP) or by other health facilities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This descriptive cross-sectional study used prisoners data notifications in the SINAN TB by the eAPP or other health facilities from January 2014 to November 2018.

Primary Prison Care Teams and tuberculosis notification in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil.

This paper aims to describe the implementation process of the Prison Primary Care Teams in Rio Grande do Sul, the frequency of tuberculosis notifications in people deprived of liberty, and their chronological relationship. This documentary research is nested in a descriptive cross-sectional study of historical series. We analyzed the decrees on the qualification of Prison Primary Care Teams, the number, and the year of notification of tuberculosis cases from the National System of Notifiable Diseases from 2014 to 2020.