[Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the testis: indications and results].

Ultrasound examination of the testis is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of intratesticular focal lesions. In spite of its high sensibility, eco-Doppler-elastography is lacking of specificity in discrimination between benign and malign lesions, not always allowing us to make a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. When a diagnostic doubt persists, for such lesions that are indeterminate at clinical and radiological evaluation, it is possible to recur to ultrasound-guided testicular needle biopsy.

[Uro-CT protocol for the diagnosis of small urothelial neoplasms of urinary tract by quantitative analysis of contrast enhancement and correlation to the histological grading].

In the study of urinary tract, traditional imaging modalities still play a vital role in the diagnosis of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract; however, the introduction of multidetector computed tomography has greatly changed the way of evaluation of urological patients. In fact, by means of a multiphasic study protocol is possible to recognize with high sensitivity small urothelial lesions and, moreover, to perform at the same time, an evaluation of local and metastatic extension also. The evaluation of the pattern of contrast enhancement in addition, allows a judgement of biological aggressiveness related to tumor grading.

[18F-FDG PET/CT in staging and restaging cholangiocarcinoma].

The prognosis for hepatobiliary malignancies is dismal. Surgery remains the primary curative option. The positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides simultaneous metabolic and anatomic information on tumors in the same imaging session.

[New development in neuroradiological diagnosis of migraine].

Migraine is one of the most common forms of primary headache. In recent years there have been important discoveries thanks to a greater understanding of conventional radiologic studies and the advent of the advanced exams. This has led to a revolution of the knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms and opens the way for future therapeutic developments.

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in blunt abdominal trauma.

In the assessment of polytrauma patient, an accurate diagnostic study protocol with high sensitivity and specificity is necessary. Computed Tomography (CT) is the standard reference in the emergency for evaluating the patients with abdominal trauma. Ultrasonography (US) has a high sensitivity in detecting free fluid in the peritoneum, but it does not show as much sensitivity for traumatic parenchymal lesions.

US in the assessment of acute scrotum.

Background: The acute scrotum is a medical emergency . The acute scrotum is defined as scrotal pain, swelling, and redness of acute onset. Scrotal abnormalities can be divided into three groups , which are extra-testicular lesion, intra-testicular lesion and trauma.