Prevalence and Predictors of Normal-Weight Obesity among Women.

The present study aimed to (a) assess normal-weight obesity (NWO) and general obesity prevalence among women of different ages residing in urban areas, (b) evaluate subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in women with NWO, (c) establish SFT cutoff points for distinguishing NWO, and (d) explore eating habits linked to NWO. This cross-sectional study with 184 women aged 18-65 with NWO, normal weight without obesity (NWNO), overweight and general obesity included evaluation of body composition, SFT assessment using 2.5 MHz A-mode ultrasound (ISAK protocol, 7 sites) and lifestyle inquiries.

Agreement between bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound scanning in body composition assessment.

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using ABC-02 Medas and A-mode ultrasound (AUS) using BodyMetrix™ BX2000 for fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (%BF) in females.

Methods: The cross-sectional, single-center, observational study was performed in 206 female subjects aged 18-67 years. The examination program included measurements of body height and weight along with waist, hip circumferences, and body composition analysis.

Identification and Characterization of Genomic Predictors of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using UK Biobank Data.

The substantial decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and gait speed is a sign of severe sarcopenia, which may partly depend on genetic risk factors. So far, hundreds of genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with handgrip strength, lean mass and walking pace have been identified in the UK Biobank cohort; however, their pleiotropic effects on all three phenotypes have not been investigated. By combining summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of handgrip strength, lean mass and walking pace, we have identified 78 independent SNPs (from 73 loci) associated with all three traits with consistent effect directions.

Association of Genetically Predicted BCAA Levels with Muscle Fiber Size in Athletes Consuming Protein.

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels are associated with skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Serum BCAA levels are enhanced by whey protein supplementation (WPS), and evidence in clinical populations suggests an association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BCAA metabolite levels. It is not known whether the same SNPs are associated with the ability to catabolise BCAAs from exogenous sources, such as WPS.

Association of muscle fiber composition with health and exercise-related traits in athletes and untrained subjects.

Skeletal muscle is a heterogenous and metabolically active tissue, the composition of which is associated with multiple traits. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are additional health and exercise-related traits associated with muscle fiber composition in athletes and non-athletes. This study recruited 164 Russian participants (51 endurance and 48 power athletes; 65 controls).

The BDNF-Increasing Allele is Associated With Increased Proportion of Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers, Handgrip Strength, and Power Athlete Status.

Guilherme, JPLF, Semenova, EA, Borisov, OV, Kostryukova, ES, Vepkhvadze, TF, Lysenko, EA, Andryushchenko, ON, Andryushchenko, LB, Lednev, EM, Larin, AK, Bondareva, EA, Generozov, EV, and Ahmetov, II. The BDNF-increasing allele is associated with increased proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers, handgrip strength, and power athlete status. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1884-1889, 2022-The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neurogenesis and formation of regenerated myofibers following injury or damage.

Three DNA Polymorphisms Previously Identified as Markers for Handgrip Strength Are Associated With Strength in Weightlifters and Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy.

Grishina, EE, Zmijewski, P, Semenova, EA, Cięszczyk, P, Humińska-Lisowska, K, Michałowska-Sawczyn, M, Maculewicz, E, Crewther, B, Orysiak, J, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Borisov, OV, Khabibova, SA, Larin, AK, Pavlenko, AV, Lyubaeva, EV, Popov, DV, Lysenko, EA, Vepkhvadze, TF, Lednev, EM, Bondareva, EA, Erskine, RM, Generozov, EV, and Ahmetov, II. Three DNA polymorphisms previously identified as markers for handgrip strength are associated with strength in weightlifters and muscle fiber hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2602-2607, 2019-Muscle strength is a highly heritable trait.

The FTO A/T polymorphism and elite athletic performance: a study involving three groups of European athletes.

Objective: The FTO A/T polymorphism (rs9939609) is a strong candidate to influence obesity-related traits. Elite athletes from many different sporting disciplines are characterized by low body fat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether athletic status is associated with the FTO A/T polymorphism.