Antibiotic prescribing practice in management of cough and/or diarrhoea in Moshi Municipality, Northern Tanzania: cross-sectional descriptive study.

Introduction: The increase in resistance of many pathogens to currently available antibiotics has been recognized as life-threatening problem. The development of drug resistance is promoted by irrational prescribing behavior. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is attributed by over-prescription, inadequate dosage and use for non-bacterial infections.

Excretion of hydroxylated metabolites of tamoxifen in human bile and urine.

The selective oestrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug against breast cancer. It has potent metabolites, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Recently, the metabolite 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen has received increased attention as it may be a major contributor to the overall effects of tamoxifen.

Induction of hepatic drug-metabolising enzymes and tamoxifen metabolite profile in relation to administration route during low-dose treatment in nude rats.

Tamoxifen is the most used anticancer drug and is approved for chemoprevention. Little is known about the enzyme inducing properties of low-dose regimens and the influence of route of administration. In this study, nude rats received 5 mg/kg/day of tamoxifen orally or a 50 mg continuous-release pellet subcutaneously.