The convective instability of a Maxwell-Cattaneo fluid in the presence of a vertical magnetic field.

We study the instability of a Bénard layer subject to a vertical uniform magnetic field, in which the fluid obeys the Maxwell-Cattaneo (MC) heat flux-temperature relation. We extend the work of Bissell ( 472, 20160649 (doi:10.1098/rspa.

Androgen Deficiency and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low total serum testosterone (LST) has been identified in several cross-sectional studies.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED) and their relation to glycemic control within a sample of Egyptian men with T2DM.

Research Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study including 70 men having T2DM.

Descriptive study on the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sudan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in four sentinel areas in Sudan with different malaria transmission (Damazin, Sinnar, and Kosti in the north, and Juba in the south).

Methods: World Health Organization protocol for assessing antimalarial drug efficacy in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria was employed.

Improving rational drug use in Africa: the example of Sudan.

The aim of this review is to determine the extent of irrational drug use and contributing factors in Sudan and to identify the interventions that need to be strengthened to promote the rational use of drugs in the country and to evaluate the impact of different types of intervention. We present an overview of studies describing patterns of drug prescribing, dispensing and self-medication. Rates for inappropriate prescribing and dispensing practices and prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials and herbal products were alarmingly high.

Self-medication practices with antibiotics and antimalarials among Sudanese undergraduate university students.

Background: In many developing countries, up to 60-80% of health problems are self-medicated.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Self-medication practices in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-medication with proprietary medicines and herbs in Khartoum State, Sudan, and to evaluate factors associated with self-medication.

Methods: A pre-piloted questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 1,200 individuals, selected from all three cities of Khartoum State using a multistage stratified clustered sampling.

Results: The response rate was 83.

Changing antibiotics prescribing practices in health centers of Khartoum State, Sudan.

Objective: A major problem with inappropriate use of antibiotics is the emergence of resistance. Thus, cost-effective interventional strategies are required to improve their use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multifaceted interventions on prescribing practices of antibiotics in health centers of Khartoum State, Sudan.

Changing the prescribing patterns of sexually transmitted infections in the White Nile Region of Sudan.

Background: The number of inappropriate prescriptions for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Sudan is suspected to be high. Simple multifaceted interventions directed at prescribers may improve prescribing patterns in the Sudan.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of multifaceted interventions on prescribing for STIs in the White Nile State, Sudan.

Self-medication with antibiotics and antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of self medication with antibiotics and antimalarials in Khartoum State, Sudan and evaluate factors associated with self medication.

Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 600 households, (1750 adult persons), selected from three cities in Khartoum State, Sudan, using a multistage stratified clustered sampling.

Results: One thousand two hundred and ninety three (73.

Pharmacokinetics of artesunate following oral and rectal administration in healthy Sudanese volunteers.

The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single dose of 200 mg oral and rectal artesunate in healthy volunteers, and to suggest a rational dosage regimen for rectal administration. The study design was a randomized open cross-over study of 12 healthy volunteers; the analytical method used was a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with post column derivatization and subsequent ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the main metabolite alpha-dihydroartemisinin data due to the rapid disappearance of artesunate from the plasma.

Descriptive study on the efficacy and safety of artesunate suppository in combination with other antimalarials in the treatment of severe malaria in Sudan.

Documentation on the efficacy of artesunate in Africa is limited, and no experience of artesunate use in Sudan is documented. Severe malaria in rural areas of Sudan, where facilities for the safe and effective use of parenteral quinine are lacking, is a frequent problem. Early treatment with artesunate suppositories would provide a simple method for use by unskilled staff and would be an alternative approach to treat malaria in settings with poor resources.

Efficacy of Sulphadoxine and Pyrimethamine, Doxycycline and their combination in the treatment of chloroquine resistant Falciparum Malaria.

Objective: The present in vivo study evaluates the efficacy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine, doxycycline and their combination in the treatment of Sudanese patients infected by chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria.

Methods: Febrile patients with positive blood smears of Plasmodium falciparum were given chloroquine 25mg-base/kg body weight and followed up for 3 days. Patients with recrudescence due to chloroquine resistance were readmitted for test treatment.

Effect of dehydration on the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline hydrochloride administered intravenously in goats (Capra hircus).

1. The effects of various levels of dehydration induced by water deprivation were studied in six Nubian goats on the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline after intravenous administration (5 mg/kg). 2.

Hyperpyrexic interaction between debrisoquine and pethidine in rabbits.

Pethidine injection into rabbits treated with debrisoquine either acutely or chronically resulted in severe interaction and fatal hyperpyrexia. Pretreatment of rabbits with p-chlorophenylalanine, chlorpromazine, or crypoheptadine protected them against the interaction, while alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was ineffective. In addition the administration of debrisoquine into 5-HTP pretreated rabbits produced a severe interaction and hyperpyrexia.

Furazolidone-pethidine interaction in rabbits.

1 The intravenous injection of pethidine in rabbits pretreated with furazolidone administered orally but not systemically resulted in severe interaction and fatal hyperpyrexia. 2 Treatment with rho-chlorophenylalanine, chloropromazine of cyproheptadine protected the rabbits against the furazolidone-pethidine interaction, while alpha-methyl-rho-tyrosine was ineffective. 3 5-Hydroxytryptophan produced a fatal hyperpyrexia in furazolidone pretreated rabbits.