Novel green synthesis of S-doped TiO nanoparticles using Malva parviflora plant extract and their photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities under sunlight illumination.

Visible-light-responsible S-doped TiO(GST) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via sol-gel process, and an aqueous extract of Malva parviflora (MP) plant is used as the green and versatile medium with excellent reducing and capping properties to facilitate the S-doping and crystal growth of anatase. Compared with the counterpart (CST) derived from the conventional organic solvent. GST show a smaller average particle size (20.