Total Wrist Arthrodesis: An Update on Indications, Technique and Outcomes.

Painful end-stage wrist osteoarthritis (OA) unresponsive to conservative treatment is frequently managed with total wrist arthrodesis (TWA), which might render pain alleviation and ameliorate function, pain, and grip strength. Usual indications for TWA include inflammatory arthritis, idiopathic degenerative OA and posttraumatic OA, Kienböck's illness, brachial plexus palsy, cerebral paralysis, infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and other spastic and contracture base illnesses, scapholunate advanced collapse, scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse, and failure of other surgical techniques such as after failed total wrist arthroplasty, four-corner fusion, proximal row carpectomy and severe ligament injuries (this procedure is carried out when all other treatment alternatives have failed to control the individual's symptoms). TWA is commonly carried out with a dorsal plate fixed from the distal radius to the third metacarpal.