Tongue size matters: revisiting the Mallampati classification system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: The Mallampati classification system has been used to predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Upper airway soft tissue structures are prone to fat deposition, and the tongue is the largest of these structures. Given that a higher Mallampati score is associated with a crowded oropharynx, we hypothesized that the Mallampati score is associated with tongue volume and an imbalance between tongue and mandible volumes.

Cervical Lymph Node Metastases from Central Nervous System Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) from primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is an infrequent condition, and classically it was thought that CNS tumors could not spread via the lymphatic route. Recent discoveries about this route of dissemination make its knowledge necessary for surgeons and pathologists to avoid delays in diagnosis and unnecessary treatments. The aim of this paper is to review the literature and to discuss the relevant pathogenetic mechanism and the cytologic features along with recommendations for surgical treatment of these cervical LNM.

Dental findings on face and neck imaging.

When it is necessary to evaluate dental structures, the typical method is to obtain intraoral or panoramic X-rays at specialized dental clinics. However, in the daily practice of head and neck radiology, or even general radiology, it is common to encounter clinical situations or examination findings related to dental problems that should not be ignored. Because such problems can often be responsible for the clinical complaints of patients, this review aims to assist radiologists in identifying and describing common dental conditions on computed tomography of paranasal sinuses, face, and neck.

Postoperative Imaging of the Temporal Bone.

The anatomy of the temporal bone is complex, and postoperative imaging evaluation of this bone can be challenging. Surgical approaches to the temporal bone can be categorized didactically into tympanoplasty and ossicular reconstruction, mastoidectomy, and approaches to the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal (IAC). In clinical practice, different approaches can be combined for greater surgical exposure.

A randomized comparative study of inferomedial vs. balanced orbital decompression. Analysis of changes in orbital volume, eyelid parameters, and eyeball position.

Background/objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate and compare changes in orbital volume, eyelid parameters, and eyeball position after inferomedial and balanced (medial + deep lateral walls) orbital decompression (OD) in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Subjects/methods: Prospective interventional trial. Forty-two patients with inactive GO and clinical indication for OD were randomly assigned to inferomedial or balanced OD.

Rhinomanometry Versus Computational Fluid Dynamics: Correlated, but Different Techniques.

Background: Past studies reported a low correlation between rhinomanometry and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), but the source of the discrepancy was unclear. Low correlation or lack of correlation has also been reported between subjective and objective measures of nasal patency.

Objective: This study investigates (1) the correlation and agreement between nasal resistance derived from CFD (R) and rhinomanometry (R), and (2) the correlation between objective and subjective measures of nasal patency.

A Comparative Study of Clinical vs. Digital Exophthalmometry Measurement Methods.

Background: A number of orbital diseases may be evaluated based on the degree of exophthalmos, but there is still no gold standard method for the measurement of this parameter. In this study we compare two exophthalmometry measurement methods (digital photography and clinical) with regard to reproducibility and the level of correlation and agreement with measurements obtained with Computerized Tomography (CT) measurements.

Methods: Seventeen patients with bilateral proptosis and 15 patients with normal orbits diseases were enrolled.

State-dependent changes in the upper airway assessed by multidetector CT in healthy individuals and during obstructive events in patients with sleep apnea.

Objective: To determine whether airway narrowing during obstructive events occurs predominantly at the retropalatal level and results from dynamic changes in the lateral pharyngeal walls and in tongue position.

Methods: We evaluated 11 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 7 healthy controls without OSA during wakefulness and during natural sleep (documented by full polysomnography). Using fast multidetector CT, we obtained images of the upper airway in the waking and sleep states.

Organ doses evaluation for chest computed tomography procedures with TL dosimeters: Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.

Purpose: To evaluate organ doses in routine and low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) protocols using an experimental methodology. To compare experimental results with results obtained by the National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for CT (NCICT) organ dose calculator. To address the differences on organ dose measurements using tube current modulation (TCM) and fixed tube current protocols.

Sensitivity of nasal airflow variables computed via computational fluid dynamics to the computed tomography segmentation threshold.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows quantitative assessment of transport phenomena in the human nasal cavity, including heat exchange, moisture transport, odorant uptake in the olfactory cleft, and regional delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols. The first step when applying CFD to investigate nasal airflow is to create a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the nasal anatomy from computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance images (MRI). However, a method to identify the exact location of the air-tissue boundary from CT scans or MRI is currently lacking.

The influence of the subarcuate artery in the superior semicircular canal dehiscence and its frequency on stillbirths: illustrative cases and systematic review.

Unlabelled: Literature describes that on the 25th gestational week the labyrinth is fully formed and with adult size. However, recent studies have shown that the cranial and labyrinth development continues until 3 years of age.

Objectives: To demonstrate through tomographic study the frequency of semicircular canal dehiscence on nine specimens of stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks and, through literature review, present another possible etiology for its cause.

Evaluating Intracochlear Trauma after Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion through Middle Fossa Approach in Temporal Bones.

Objective To evaluate cochlear trauma after cochlear implant insertion through a middle fossa approach by means of histologic and imaging studies in temporal bones. Study Design Prospective cadaveric study. Setting University-based temporal bone laboratory.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Intracochlear Schwannoma Removal and Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation.

Introduction: Hearing preservation has not yet been reported in patients undergoing resection of intracochlear schwannomas. This study describes a minimally invasive procedure for intracochlear schwannoma resection with simultaneous cochlear implantation that resulted in good hearing.

Objective: This study aims to describe a minimally invasive procedure for intracochlear schwannoma resection with simultaneous cochlear implantation.

Evaluation of use of acrylic resin-based surgical guide in the function and quality of life provided by mandibular prostheses with microvascular free fibula flap: A four-year, randomized, controlled trial.

Statement Of Problem: The correct positioning of the microvascular-free fibula flap (MFFF) is essential for satisfactory mandibular reconstruction. However, the effect of acrylic resin-based surgical guides on prosthetic rehabilitations has not yet been properly investigated.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate whether intraoral and extraoral acrylic resin-based surgical guides improve anatomic, functional, esthetic, and quality of life (QoL) results for dental prosthetic rehabilitation with MFFF.

Evaluation of Intracochlear Trauma Caused by Insertion of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays through Different Quadrants of the Round Window.

Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the degree of intracochlear trauma when the cochlear implant electrode arrays is inserted through different quadrants of the round window membrane.

Background: The benefits of residual hearing preservation in cochlear implant recipients have promoted the development of atraumatic surgeries. Minimal trauma during electrode insertion is crucial for residual hearing preservation.

Facial structure alterations and abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses on multidetector computed tomography scans of patients with treated mucosal leishmaniasis.

Background/objectives: Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is a progressive disease that affects cartilage and bone structures of the nose and other upper respiratory tract structures. Complications associated with ML have been described, but there is a lack of studies that evaluate the structural changes of the nose and paranasal sinuses in ML using radiological methods. In this study, we aimed to assess the opacification of the paranasal sinuses in patients with treated ML and any anatomical changes in the face associated with ML using multidetector computed tomography scans (MDCT) of the sinuses.

Characteristics related to TMJ arthralgia, visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (3.0 Tesla).

Patients: Six women, with ages ranging from 52 to 64 years old, clinically evaluated (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) by a single examiner were submitted to MRI (3.0 T). They had only arthralgia diagnosis.

The correlation of research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders and magnetic resonance imaging: a study of diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) as a diagnostic test for temporomandibular joint problems using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the gold standard.

Study Design: Sixty-seven women were assessed with RDC/TMD (2 examiners) and underwent MRI examination (3.0 T).

Imaging studies for diagnosing Graves' orbitopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Although the diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy is primarily made clinically based on laboratory tests indicative of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity, imaging studies, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and color Doppler imaging, play an important role both in the diagnosis and follow-up after clinical or surgical treatment of the disease. Imaging studies can be used to evaluate morphological abnormalities of the orbital structures during the diagnostic workup when a differential diagnosis versus other orbital diseases is needed. Imaging may also be useful to distinguish the inflammatory early stage from the inactive stage of the disease.

Predicting dysthyroid optic neuropathy using computed tomography volumetric analyses of orbital structures.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of orbital apex crowding volume measurements calculated with multidetector-computed tomography to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Methods: Ninety-three patients with Graves' orbitopathy were studied prospectively. All of the patients underwent a complete neuro-ophthalmic examination and computed tomography scanning.

Individually customized implants for laryngoplasty--are they possible?

Objective: To standardize the design of individually fitted implants based on computed tomographic (CT) images for use in medialization laryngoplasty without intraoperative voice monitoring.

Study Design: Prospective tomographic and anatomical experimental study of 10 human cadaveric larynges.

Methods: CT scans of 10 excised human larynges were analyzed to define the shape and size of ideal implants for medialization laryngoplasty.

Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Objective: (1) Evaluate the presence of biofilms in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and (2) investigate the association of biofilm presence and CRSwNP.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University-based tertiary care center.