Induction of immunogenic cell death and enhancement of the radiation-induced immunogenicity by chrysin in melanoma cancer cells.

Chrysin is a natural flavonoid with anti-cancer effects. Despite its beneficial effects, little information is available regarding its immunogenic cell death (ICD) properties. In this work, we hypothesized that chrysin can potentiate radiotherapy(RT)-induced immunogenicity in melanoma cell line (B16-F10).

sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from Urmia Lake, Iran.

A novel moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain TBZ242, was isolated from water of Urmia Lake in the Azerbaijan region of Iran. The cells were found to be rod-shaped and motile by a single polar flagellum, producing circular and yellowish colonies. The strain could grow in the presence of 0.

Synergistic effect of chrysin and radiotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, accounting for 20% of cases. Due to the lack of a molecular target, limited options are available for TNBC treatment. Radiation therapy (RT) is a treatment modality for the management of TNBC following surgery; however, it has a detrimental effect on surrounding healthy tissues/cells at a higher rate.

Silibinin induces immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and enhances the induced immunogenicity by chemotherapy.

Silibinin is a natural flavonoid compound known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Despite silibinin's safety and efficacy as an anticancer drug, its effects on inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) are largely unknown. Herein, we have evaluated the stimulating effects of silibinin on ICD in cancer cells treated with silibinin alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

The dynamicity of mutant KRAS β2 strand modulates its downstream activation and predicts anticancer KRAS inhibition.

Aim: Oncogenic mutations involving KRAS are human cancer's most common driving force. We aimed to determine specific conformational features of the active KRAS regarding downstream signaling activation, especially in mutant forms of KRAS.

Main Methods: We applied Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations in triplicate and post-MD analytical methods on the KRAS and its G12 mutant structures.

Copper (II) complexes with N, S donor pyrazole-based ligands as anticancer agents.

A group of bidentate nitrogen and sulfur donor pyrazole derivative ligands abbreviated as Na[RNCS(Pz)], Na[RNCS(Pz)], Na[RNCS(Pz)], Na[RNCS(Pz)], Na[RNCS(Pz)], where (R = Et, Ph), and their Cu (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and physicochemical methods. The crystal structure of [Cu(PhNCSPz)] was determined by X-ray crystallography analysis and the results described a distorted square planar coordination geometry for this complex. Also, the cyclic voltammetry investigations indicated that the synthesized copper complex is an electrochemically active species.

Classification of seed members of five riboswitch families as short sequences based on the features extracted by Block Location-Based Feature Extraction (BLBFE) method.

Riboswitches are short regulatory elements generally found in the untranslated regions of prokaryotes' mRNAs and classified into several families. Due to the binding possibility between riboswitches and antibiotics, their usage as engineered regulatory elements and also their evolutionary contribution, the need for bioinformatics tools of riboswitch detection is increasing. We have previously introduced an alignment independent algorithm for the identification of frequent sequential blocks in the families of riboswitches.

Structure-based designing efficient peptides based on p53 binding site residues to disrupt p53-MDM2/X interaction.

MDM2 and MDMX are known as overexpressed oncoproteins in several wild-type p53 cancer cells. The development of potent and dual antagonist peptides for p53-MDM2/X is a continuous challenge. In this study, we intended to investigate the pivotal structural points respecting the development of potent and dual inhibitors of MDM2/X.

Design and development of high affinity dual anticancer peptide-inhibitors against p53-MDM2/X interaction.

Aims: Inhibition of P53-MDM2/X interaction is known as an effective cancer therapy strategy. In this regard, pDI peptide was introduced previously with the potential of targeting MDM2. In this research, the large-scale peptide mutation screening was used to achieve the best sequence of pDI with the highest affinity for inhibition activity against MDM2/X.

A novel mixed hemimicelles dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using ionic liquid functionalized magnetic graphene oxide/polypyrrole for extraction and pre-concentration of methotrexate from urine samples followed by the spectrophotometric method.

Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer drug that is widely used in a variety of cancers including primary central nervous system lymphoma. It is also administrated in the treatment of some autoimmune diseases. A simple, accurate, sensitive, and precise mixed hemimicelles dispersive micro-solid phase extraction was proposed for MTX quantification in human urine samples.

TPP riboswitch characterization in Alishewanella tabrizica and Alishewanella aestuarii and comparison with other TPP riboswitches.

Riboswitches are located in non-coding areas of mRNAs and act as sensors of cellular small molecules, regulating gene expression in response to ligand binding. The TPP riboswitch is the most widespread riboswitch occurring in all three domains of life. However, it has been rarely characterized in environmental bacteria other than Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Riboswitches: From living biosensors to novel targets of antibiotics.

Riboswitches are generally located in 5'-UTR region of mRNAs and specifically bind small ligands. Following ligand binding, gene expression is controlled mostly by transcription termination, translation inhibition or mRNA degradation processes. More than 30 classes of known riboswitches have been identified by now.

Distribution of tsst-1 and mecA Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a harmful pathogen known to express numerous virulence factors and cause severe infections. High levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are one of the important healthcare problems because of the inefficient treatment of these infections.

Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the incidence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst-1) gene and its association with the prevalence of the mecA gene and drug resistance.

Overexpression of Metastatic Related MicroRNAs, Mir-335 and Mir-10b, by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in the Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Line.

Purpose: One of the advanced cancer therapy strategies is immune-stimulating compound based immunotherapy Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the potent superantigens, which can efficiently activate antitumor immune response to eradicate tumor growth and inhibit metastasis. Herein, we evaluated the effect of SEB on the expression of two master microRNAs, mir-335 and mir-10b, involved in metastasis.

Methods: A metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231was treated with four different concentrations of SEB, including 10, 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) ng/ml, for 24 and 48 hours.

Texosome-anchored superantigen triggers apoptosis in original ovarian cancer cells.

Texosomes, nano-endosomal vesicles, are candidates for cancer immunotherapy due to their immunostimulating properties. We designed a new structure based on texosome and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and assessed its cytotoxic impact on an ovarian cell line. Texosomes were isolated from tumor cells, and SEB was anchored onto by protein transfer method.

Clostridium difficile Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options.

The incidence and mortality rate of Clostridium difficile infection have increased remarkably in both hospital and community settings during the last two decades. The growth of infection may be caused by multiple factors including inappropriate antibiotic usage, poor standards of environmental cleanliness, changes in infection control practices, large outbreaks of C. difficile infection in hospitals, alteration of circulating strains of C.

Evolutionary Origin and Conserved Structural Building Blocks of Riboswitches and Ribosomal RNAs: Riboswitches as Probable Target Sites for Aminoglycosides Interaction.

Purpose: Riboswitches, as noncoding RNA sequences, control gene expression through direct ligand binding. Sporadic reports on the structural relation of riboswitches with ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), raises an interest in possible similarity between riboswitches and rRNAs evolutionary origins. Since aminoglycoside antibiotics affect microbial cells through binding to functional sites of the bacterial rRNA, finding any conformational and functional relation between riboswitches/rRNAs is utmost important in both of medicinal and basic research.

Prevalence of exfoliative toxin A and B genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens.

Background: The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is based on the production of various virulence factors. The frequency of these factors can markedly differ according to the geographical region.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of two frequent isoforms of exfoliative toxins and mecA genes using PCR in 197 clinical isolates obtained from clinical samples during the years 2011 and 2012.

Influence of Foreign DNA Introduction and Periplasmic Expression of Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 on Hydrogen Peroxide Quantity and Catalase Activity in Escherichia coli.

Purpose: Oxidative stress is generated through imbalance between composing and decomposing of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This kind of stress was rarely discussed in connection with foreign protein production in Escherichia coli. Effect of cytoplasmic recombinant protein expression on Hydrogen peroxide concentration and catalase activity was previously reported.

Impact of altered early infant gut microbiota following breastfeeding and delivery mode on allergic diseases.

The prevalence of allergic diseases among infants is increasing particularly in developed countries. Although, the exact reason is not clear yet, one of the most probable explanations is reducing microbial exposure during early life and consequent alteration of gut microbiota. Various factors including delivery mode, infant`s diet, environment and antibiotics administration by mothers are involved in microbial colonization of infant`s intestine.

Effect of periplasmic expression of recombinant mouse interleukin-4 on hydrogen peroxide concentration and catalase activity in Escherichia coli.

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This kind of stress was rarely discussed in connection with foreign protein production in Escherichia coli. Relation between cytoplasmic recombinant protein expression with H(2)O(2) concentration and catalase activity variation was already reported.

Dunaliella as an attractive candidate for molecular farming.

Pharmaceutical recombinant proteins are widely used in human healthcare. At present, several protein expression systems are available to generate therapeutic proteins. These conventional systems have distinct advantages and disadvantages in protein yielding; in terms of ease of manipulation, the time required from gene transformation to protein purification, cost of production and scaling-up capitalization, proper folding and stability of active proteins.