Biosensors for autoimmune diseases.

Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (ADs) is usually based on symptoms and laboratory tests that measure the occurrence of serological and genetic biomarkers such as peptides, autoantibodies, and complement proteins. Early detection of AD is essential to reduce the severity of symptoms and organ damage as a result of progressive disease. Biosensors are tools that convert biochemical signals produced by molecular elements into optical, electrical, and other physical signals for analysis.

The common bisulfite-conversion-based techniques to analyze DNA methylation in human cancers.

DNA methylation is an important molecular modification that plays a key role in the expression of cancer genes. Evaluation of epigenetic changes, hypomethylation and hypermethylation, in specific genes are applied for cancer diagnosis. Numerous studies have concentrated on describing DNA methylation patterns as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis monitoring and predicting response to cancer therapy.

The Effect of I Therapy on the Eradication of in Patients with Thyroid Disorders: A Preliminary Study.

The leading cause of gastritis and its complications is Radioactive iodine (I) accumulates significantly in the stomach after consumption. On this basis, we decided to determine whether different doses of I in the stomach would be effective in eradicating the infection. All patients with hyperthyroidism or differentiated thyroid carcinoma who were referred for I treatment were invited to the study.

The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in colorectal cancer: A double-edged sword of treatment or disease progression?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, probiotics have been used to reduce the potential risks of CRC and tumors with various mechanisms. Different bacteria have been suggested to play different roles in the progression, prevention, or treatment of CRC.

Recent advances in personalized cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, T cells and vaccines.

The results of genomic and molecular profiling of cancer patients can be effectively applied to immunotherapy agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, to select the most appropriate treatment. In addition, accurate prediction of neoantigens facilitates the development of individualized cancer vaccines and T-cell therapy. This review summarizes the biomarker(s) predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and focuses on current strategies to identify and isolate neoantigen-reactive T cells as well as the clinical development of neoantigen-based therapeutics.

An Exploration of Some Predictors of Quality of Life-Related to the Innate Immune System, Inflammation, and Disease Activity in Patients with Behcet's Syndrome: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) has a growing prevalence in Silk Road countries. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to explore the clinical and molecular predictors of quality of life in BD patients.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty consecutive Iranian BD patients with an age range between 20-50 years were included.

Current and Novel Emerging Medical Therapies for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Literature Review.

Despite the improvements in endovascular techniques during the last decades, there is still an increase in the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with limited practical treatment, which timeline impact of any intervention for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is poor. Most common treatments are not suitable for many patients due to their underlying diseases, including aging and diabetes. On the one hand, there are limitations for current therapies due to the contraindications of some individuals, and on the other hand, there are many side effects caused by common medications, for instance, anticoagulants.

Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by zinc supplementation in Behçet's disease patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Overproduction of NLRP3 inflammasome complex is one of the causes of Behcet's disease's (BD) auto-inflammatory nature. The aim of current study was to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on NLRP3 inflammasome expression; as well as clinical manifestations of BD.

Methods: In this double-blind parallel placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 50 BD patients were randomly allocated into either zinc gluconate (30 mg/day elemental zinc) or placebo groups for 12 weeks.

Cellular immunotherapy in gastric cancer: adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Recent studies have highlighted cellular immunotherapy (CI) as a promising approach for treating this disease. Among the CI-based approaches, adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination are commonly studied in preclinical and clinical trials.

Fabrication of Calcium Sulfate Coated Selenium Nanoparticles and Corresponding Cytotoxicity Effects Against 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell Line.

Background: The inhibitory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on cancer cells has been reported in many studies. In this study, the purpose was to compare the effects of SeNPs and calcium sulfate coated selenium nanoparticles (CaSO@SeNPs) on breast cancer cells.

Methods: CaSO@SeNPs and SeNPs were chemically synthesized and characterized with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

PPAR-gamma agonists: Potential modulators of autophagy in obesity.

Autophagy pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of some obesity related health problems. As obesity is a nutrient sufficiency condition, autophagy process can be altered in obesity through AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as the main modulator of adipogenesis process can be effective in the regulation of obesity related phenotypes.

Profiling inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers following taurine supplementation: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Taurine (Tau) has modulatory effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers; however, the results of clinical studies are not comprehensive enough to determine the effect of different durations and doses of Tau supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. The current study was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. For this purpose, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched to obtain the relevant studies published before 30th March 2021.

Profiling inflammatory cytokines following zinc supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Chronic inflammation has been considered as the main cause of chronic diseases. Zn has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the impact of Zn supplementation on inflammation.

Expression of recombinant G-CSF receptor domains and their inhibitory role on G-CSF function.

Background And Purpose: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is routinely used in combination with chemotherapy to battle neutropenia. However, studies suggest that this chemokine may increase the risk of metastasis and malignancy in many cancers. To counteract the adverse effects of G-CSF in cancer, antibodies have been used to block its action.

Recent developments of RNA-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy is more dependent on monoclonal antibodies, proteins, and cells, as therapeutic agents, to attain prominent outcomes. However, cancer immunotherapy's clinical benefits need to be enhanced, as many patients still do not respond well to existing treatments, or their diseases may relapse after temporary control. RNA-based approaches have provided new options for advancing cancer immunotherapy.

The effects of N-acetylcysteine on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

Prolonged inflammation could be considered as the leading cause of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, type two diabetes, and obesity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is considered an antioxidant. The present meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of NAC in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress.

A comprehensive insight into the potential roles of VDR gene polymorphism in obesity: a systematic review.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are believed to be involved in the obesity pathogenesis. This study summarises the results of research concerning the association between VDR polymorphisms and obesity. For this survey, the records of common databases were searched until November 2019.

Characterization of Folic Acid Surface-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles and Corresponding In Vitro and In Vivo Effects Against Breast Cancer.

Backgrounds And Aims: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been reported to exhibit an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to compare the in vitro and in vivo effects of SeNPs and folic acid surface-coated selenium nanoparticles (FA@SeNPs) on breast cancer.

Methods: FA@SeNPs and SeNPs were chemically synthesized and characterized with different instrumental techniques.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors to treat melanoma alone or in combination with other kinase inhibitors.

Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive disease with a rapidly rising incidence due to neoplasm of melanocytes. Molecular targeted therapies have demonstrated lower toxicity and improved overall survival versus conventional therapies of MM. The revealing of mutations in the BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway has led to the development of BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib for the treatment of cutaneous MM.

Oral administration of synthetic selenium nanoparticles induced robust Th1 cytokine pattern after HBs antigen vaccination in mouse model.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is known as a life-threatening liver infection and leads to chronic liver disease if left untreated. Nevertheless, the prevalence of HBV infection has been reduced by an approved vaccination approach using recombinant Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Alum, known as the HBV vaccine. Alum can be used as an adjuvant to increase HBsAg immunogenicity as a strong Th2 stimulator.

Adjuvant Effect of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Improves the Immune Responses and Survival of Mice Receiving 4T1 Cell Antigens as Vaccine in Breast Cancer Murine Model.

The modification of tumor-associated antigen-based vaccine to elicit a more robust immune response has been addressed in several ways. In the present work, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of selenium nanoparticles as an immunoadjuvant in formulation of a tumor-associated antigen-based vaccine in a preventive form. Fortyfive female inbred BALB/c mice five-to-seven weeks old were used and divided into three groups of test and control, each containing fifteen mice.

Nivolumab and pembrolizumab as immune-modulating monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1 receptor to treat melanoma.

Malignant melanoma is an important issue in oncology due to its high incidence, high mortality, and resistance to systemic therapy; however, targeted immunotherapy has noticeably improved the survival rates of melanoma patients. Promising targeted immunotherapies for malignant melanoma include the blockade of immune checkpoints with antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway. The US FDA-approved antibody ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; however, it was limited by toxicity and a low response.