The impact of cathelicidin, the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in urinary tract infections.

Background: The defense mechanisms of the urinary tract are attributed mainly to the innate immune system and the urinary tract urothelium which represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens and maintaining sterility of the urinary tract. There are only a few publications regarding cathelicidin (LL-37) and a urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was done to investigate the plasma and urine levels of human LL-37 in patients with UTI.

Modulation of human neutrophil apoptosis by gut hormones.

Background: Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis seems to be a prominent feature in inflammation, parenchymal damage, and unresolved organ dysfunction. Agents that modulate neutrophil apoptosis could alter the course of the disease. A variety of endogenous peptides, including some GIT hormones, have been reported as modulators of apoptosis in several types of cells.

Gastrin, secretin, GIP and VIP alter levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells under various culture conditions.

Background: Gastrointestinal hormones have traditionally been viewed as mere regulators of gut movement and secretions, but, it is becoming increasingly apparent that other body systems may be affected by these hormones. Secretion of gut hormones is influenced by the type of food we take. Therefore, the more we know about the effects of gut hormones on the various body tissues, the more we know about the different mechanisms by which our diets affect our health.