Oxidative Stress, Endoparasite Prevalence and Social Immunity in Bee Colonies Kept Traditionally vs. Those Kept for Commercial Purposes.

Commercially and traditionally managed bees were compared for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), the prevalence of parasites (, and ) and social immunity (glucose oxidase gene expression). The research was conducted on Pester plateau (Serbia-the Balkan Peninsula), on seemingly healthy colonies. Significant differences in CAT, GST and SOD activities ( < 0.