Resuscitation strategies for surgical patients in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Resuscitation of an infant with surgical complications includes both perioperative and post-operative management. In most cases this requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best outcomes. Challenges include immediate expert management at infant delivery with the use of protocolized care, available anesthesia expertise, close monitoring of electrolytes with prompt attention to fluid status, and meticulous pain management.

Results of a feasibility and initial efficacy clinical trial of a high-intensity interval training program using adaptive equipment in persons with multiple sclerosis who have walking disability.

Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been identified as potential stimulus for eliciting health-promoting physical activity in an efficient manner among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 12-week HIIT program using a recumbent stepper (RSTEP) in persons with MS who have walking disability. Feasibility outcomes of interest included process (i.

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach.

Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSF = (FM/(BMC + LM + FM)) × 100.

Effect of cross-slope angle on running economy and gait characteristics at moderate running velocity.

Purpose: Outdoor running surfaces are designed with a cross-slope, which can alter kinetic and kinematic gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate running economy, gait characteristics, and muscle activation while running on a surface with cross-slopes similar to those encountered on roads and trails.

Methods: Eleven recreational runners (females n = 6) completed 5-min running trials on a treadmill at 10 km h with cross-slopes of 0, 1.

Feasibility and initial efficacy of a high-intensity interval training program using adaptive equipment in persons with multiple sclerosis who have walking disability: study protocol for a single-group, feasibility trial.

Background: There is considerable evidence for the efficacy of moderate-intensity continuous exercise benefitting clinically relevant outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, persons with MS who have walking disability (pwMS-wd) are severely deconditioned and may achieve superior benefits by engaging in high-intensity interval training (HIIT), especially while utilizing adaptive equipment, such as recumbent arm/leg stepping (RSTEP). The proposed study will assess the feasibility of a 12-week, RSTEP HIIT program in pwMS-wd.

Acute Demands and Recovery From Common Interval Training Protocols.

Elmer, DJ, Barron, EN, and Chavez, JL. Acute demands and recovery from common interval training protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3041-3049, 2021-The definition of interval training is quite broad, with no accepted procedure for classifying protocols with different workloads and work and recovery interval times.

Sequential Pulse Compression's Effect on Blood Flow in the Lower-Extremity.

Context: Several interventions are available to reduce the intensity and duration of the unwanted effects (eg, muscle soreness) associated with physical activity, such as massage, compression garments, and sequential pulse compression (SPC). Such interventions aim to increase blood flow to alleviate symptoms. However, there is a lack of evidence to support the use of SPC to alter total hemoglobin concentration (THb) in active individuals.

Respiratory Rate Threshold Accurately Estimates the Second Lactate Threshold.

Purpose: The modified Dmax method can accurately determine the second lactate threshold (LT2), which is valuable for predicting aerobic performance and prescribing exercise. The purpose of this study is to determine if the modified Dmax method can accurately find thresholds in V (VT2), VCO (VCOT), RER (RERT), and RR (RRT) to estimate LT2.

Methods: Forty-one participants (females n=23, males n=18) completed an incremental exercise test to determine LT2, VT2, VCOT, RERT, RRT, and blood lactate=4 mmol/L (La4).

Evaluation of Performance Improvements After Either Resistance Training or Sprint Interval-Based Concurrent Training.

Laird IV, RH, Elmer, DJ, Barberio, MD, Salom, LP, Lee, KA, and Pascoe, DD. Evaluation of performance improvements after either resistance training or sprint interval-based concurrent training. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3057-3065, 2016-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of concurrent sprint interval and resistance training (CST) vs.

Inflammatory, lipid, and body composition responses to interval training or moderate aerobic training.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the effect of work- and duration-matched interval training (HIIT) versus moderate aerobic endurance training (ET) on acute and chronic inflammation, along with changes in the lipid profile, to determine which may be more beneficial for improving cardiovascular health.

Methods: Twelve sedentary males (maximal oxygen consumption = 41.6 ± 5.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to estimate the efficacy and tolerability of a nonsteroidal cream for the treatment of cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis).

This study was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot study of efficacy and tolerability of a nonsteroidal cream (Promiseb® Topical Cream; Promius Pharma, LLC, Bridgewater, NJ) for treatment of cradle cap when applied topically twice daily for up to 14 days in 42 pediatric subjects. Both treatments were similarly effective in reducing disease severity, as measured by success with Investigator's Global Assessment scores at day 7 or end of treatment, with 96% of subjects achieving success in the nonsteroidal cream group and 92% of subjects achieving success in the placebo cream group. Both treatments resulted in significant reductions from baseline in terms of erythema, crusting, scaling, and oiliness (P<.

Role of intestinal transporters in neonatal nutrition: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins.

To support rapid growth and a high metabolic rate, infants require enormous amounts of nutrients. The small intestine must have the complete array of transporters that absorb the nutrients released from digested food. Failure of intestinal transporters to function properly often presents symptoms as "failure to thrive" because nutrients are not absorbed and as diarrhea because unabsorbed nutrients upset luminal osmolality or become substrates of intestinal bacteria.

Pharmacodynamics and safety of pantoprazole in neonates, preterm infants, and infants aged 1 through 11 months with a clinical diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Limited data on proton pump inhibitors in infants led regulatory agencies to request sponsors to conduct pediatric studies.

Aim: To determine the pharmacodynamic response to pantoprazole in infants with GERD to aid the dose selection for an efficacy study.

Methods: In two open-label studies, neonates and preterm infants (study 1, ~1.

Otocephaly: report of five new cases and a literature review.

Otocephaly, characterized by mandibular hypoplasia or agnathia, ventromedial auricular malposition (melotia) and/or auricular fusion (synotia), and microstomia with oroglossal hypoplasia or aglossia, is an extremely rare anomalad, identified in less than 1 in 70,000 births. The malformation spectrum is essentially lethal, because of ventilatory problems, and represents a developmental field defect of blastogenesis primarily affecting thefirst branchial arch derivatives. Holoprosencephaly is the most commonly identified association, but skeletal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular anomalies, and situs inversus have been reported.

Ontogenetic development of rat intestinal bile acid transport requires thyroxine but not corticosterone.

Absorption of bile acids by the distal ileum is an essential component of the enterohepatic circulation. In neonatal rats, the appearance of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) at 17 d of age coincides with increases in serum corticosterone and thyroxine. We tested the hypothesis that these hormones modulate ASBT expression during ileal development.